McCullagh P, Little W S
Percept Mot Skills. 1990 Dec;71(3 Pt 1):735-42. doi: 10.2466/pms.1990.71.3.735.
In learning motor skills, different types of information can be utilized to reinforce correct execution of the skill. Over the years, augmented information after the movement (i.e., knowledge of results) has been the most widely studied and has received attention as the most important variable for learning. Recently, however, researchers have begun to focus on modeling or providing information prior to movement as another important aspect of skill learning. The present experiment compared a KR 100% condition with a KR 33% condition, with a final modeling plus KR condition on the acquisition and immediate transfer retention of a timing task. The results showed that all groups reached the same performance level by the end of acquisition. However, over the immediate transfer phase, subjects who had received modeling plus KR during acquisition, increased their errors. Delayed retention produced no significant group effects.
在学习运动技能时，可以利用不同类型的信息来强化技能的正确执行。多年来，运动后的增强信息（即结果知识）一直是研究最广泛的，并且作为学习的最重要变量受到关注。然而，最近研究人员开始将重点放在运动前的建模或提供信息上，这是技能学习的另一个重要方面。本实验比较了100%结果知识条件和33%结果知识条件，以及最终的建模加结果知识条件对定时任务的习得和即时迁移保持的影响。结果表明，到习得结束时，所有组都达到了相同的表现水平。然而，在即时迁移阶段，在习得过程中接受建模加结果知识的受试者增加了他们的错误。延迟保持没有产生显著的组间效应。
