York Jason M, Blevins Neil A, Baynard Tracy, Freund Gregory G
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;934:243-76. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-071-7_13.
The field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) aims to uncover the processes and consequences of nervous, immune, and endocrine system relationships. Behavior is a consequence of such interactions and manifests from a complex interweave of factors including immune-to-neural and neural-to-immune communication. Often the signaling molecules involved during a particular episode of neuroimmune activation are not known but behavioral response provides evidence that bioactives such as neurotransmitters and cytokines are perturbed. Immunobehavioral phenotyping is a first-line approach when examining the neuroimmune system and its reaction to immune stimulation or suppression. Behavioral response is significantly more sensitive than direct measurement of a single specific bioactive and can quickly and efficiently rule in or out relevance of a particular immune challenge or therapeutic to neuroimmunity. Classically, immunobehavioral research was focused on sickness symptoms related to bacterial infection but neuroimmune activation is now a recognized complication of diseases and disorders ranging from cancer to diabesity. Immunobehaviors include lethargy, loss of appetite, and disinterest in social activity and the surrounding environment. In addition, neuroimmune activation can precipitate feelings of depression and anxiety while negatively impacting cognitive function and physical activity. Provided is a detailed overview of behavioral tests frequently used to examine neuroimmune activation in mice with a special emphasis on preexperimental conditions that can confound or prevent successful immunobehavioral experimentation.
心理神经免疫学（PNI）领域旨在揭示神经、免疫和内分泌系统之间关系的过程及后果。行为是此类相互作用的结果，由包括免疫到神经以及神经到免疫通讯等多种因素的复杂交织所体现。通常，在特定神经免疫激活事件中涉及的信号分子并不明确，但行为反应提供了证据，表明诸如神经递质和细胞因子等生物活性物质受到了干扰。免疫行为表型分析是研究神经免疫系统及其对免疫刺激或抑制反应的一线方法。行为反应比直接测量单一特定生物活性物质要敏感得多，并且能够快速有效地确定特定免疫挑战或治疗与神经免疫的相关性。传统上，免疫行为研究主要集中在与细菌感染相关的疾病症状上，但神经免疫激活现在已被认为是从癌症到糖尿病肥胖症等各种疾病和病症的并发症。免疫行为包括嗜睡、食欲不振以及对社交活动和周围环境缺乏兴趣。此外，神经免疫激活会引发抑郁和焦虑情绪，同时对认知功能和身体活动产生负面影响。本文详细概述了常用于检测小鼠神经免疫激活的行为测试，特别强调了可能混淆或阻碍免疫行为实验成功的实验前条件。
