Menon Madhav C, Chuang Peter Y, He Cijiang John
Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Int J Nephrol. 2012;2012:749010. doi: 10.1155/2012/749010. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
The glomerular filtration barrier is a highly specialized blood filtration interface that displays a high conductance to small and midsized solutes in plasma but retains relative impermeability to macromolecules. Its integrity is maintained by physicochemical and signalling interplay among its three core constituents-the glomerular endothelial cell, the basement membrane and visceral epithelial cell (podocyte). Understanding the pathomechanisms of inherited and acquired human diseases as well as experimental injury models of this barrier have helped to unravel this interdependence. Key among the consequences of interference with the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier is the appearance of significant amounts of proteins in the urine. Proteinuria correlates with kidney disease progression and cardiovascular mortality. With specific reference to proteinuria in human and animal disease phenotypes, the following review explores the roles of the endothelial cell, glomerular basement membrane, and the podocyte and attempts to highlight examples of essential crosstalk within this barrier.
肾小球滤过屏障是一种高度特化的血液滤过界面，对血浆中的中小分子溶质具有高通透性，但对大分子物质保持相对不通透性。其完整性通过肾小球内皮细胞、基底膜和脏层上皮细胞（足细胞）这三个核心成分之间的物理化学和信号相互作用来维持。了解遗传性和获得性人类疾病的发病机制以及该屏障的实验性损伤模型有助于揭示这种相互依存关系。干扰肾小球滤过屏障完整性的后果中，关键的一点是尿液中出现大量蛋白质。蛋白尿与肾脏疾病进展和心血管死亡率相关。以下综述特别针对人类和动物疾病表型中的蛋白尿，探讨了内皮细胞、肾小球基底膜和足细胞的作用，并试图突出该屏障内重要相互作用的实例。
