Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QU, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Genet. 2012;46:121-43. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155421. Epub 2012 Aug 28.
In dividing cells, chromosome duplication once per generation must be coordinated with faithful segregation of newly replicated chromosomes and with cell growth and division. Many of the mechanistic details of bacterial replication elongation are well established. However, an understanding of the complexities of how replication initiation is controlled and coordinated with other cellular processes is emerging only slowly. In contrast to eukaryotes, in which replication and segregation are separate in time, the segregation of most newly replicated bacterial genetic loci occurs sequentially soon after replication. We compare the strategies used by chromosomes and plasmids to ensure their accurate duplication and segregation and discuss how these processes are coordinated spatially and temporally with growth and cell division. We also describe what is known about the three conserved families of ATP-binding proteins that contribute to chromosome segregation and discuss their inter-relationships in a range of disparate bacteria.
在细胞分裂过程中，染色体必须每代复制一次，这与新复制的染色体的准确分离以及细胞生长和分裂相协调。细菌复制延伸的许多机制细节已经得到很好的确立。然而，对于复制起始如何与其他细胞过程相协调和控制的复杂性的理解，才刚刚开始。与复制和分离在时间上是分开的真核生物不同，大多数新复制的细菌遗传基因座的分离是在复制后不久顺序进行的。我们比较了染色体和质粒用来确保其准确复制和分离的策略，并讨论了这些过程如何与生长和细胞分裂在空间和时间上进行协调。我们还描述了已知的有助于染色体分离的三种保守的 ATP 结合蛋白家族，并在一系列不同的细菌中讨论了它们之间的相互关系。
