MRC and Asthma-UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King’s College London, London, UK.
Thorax. 2012 Nov;67(11):1018-20. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202139. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
The classic role of vitamin D in the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, and its effects on bone health, are well established. More recently a critical role in immunity and respiratory health has been proposed. This arises from evidence for the capacity to generate the active metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)D3), locally in many tissues beyond the kidney; expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in immune and structural cells not involved in calcium-phosphate homeostasis; and control by 1,25(OH)D3 of the transcription of genes associated with numerous different biological processes through its nuclear VDR. Abnormalities in the vitamin D axis, including a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency worldwide, now appear important in a wide range of pulmonary diseases including viral and bacterial respiratory infection, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. Actions of vitamin D on innate immune responses, for example, production of antimicrobial peptides and autophagy, and on adaptive immune responses, for example, promoting regulatory lymphocytes, are believed to underpin these associations.
维生素 D 在钙和磷酸盐代谢调节中的经典作用及其对骨骼健康的影响已得到充分证实。最近，人们提出了其在免疫和呼吸道健康方面的关键作用。这是因为有证据表明，它能够在肾脏以外的许多组织中产生活性代谢物 1α,25-二羟维生素 D3（1,25(OH)D3）；维生素 D 受体 (VDR) 在不参与钙磷稳态的免疫和结构细胞中的表达；以及 1,25(OH)D3 通过其核 VDR 对与许多不同生物过程相关的基因转录的控制。维生素 D 轴的异常，包括全球范围内维生素 D 不足的高发率，现在似乎在包括病毒和细菌呼吸道感染、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和癌症在内的广泛肺部疾病中很重要。维生素 D 对先天免疫反应（例如，抗菌肽和自噬的产生）和适应性免疫反应（例如，促进调节性淋巴细胞）的作用被认为是这些关联的基础。
