Lü Peng, Zhang Ji-Wang, Liu Wei, Yang Jin-Sheng, Dong Shu-Ting, Liu Peng, Li Deng-Hai
College of Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an 271018, Shandong, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2012 Jun;23(6):1591-8.
Taking the high-yielding summer maize cultivars Denghai 661 (DH661) and Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) as test materials, a field experiment was conducted to study their grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, key enzymes activities of nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant enzymes activities under effects of different nitrogen application periods. One-dose nitrogen application at jointing stage was not beneficial to the increase of grain yield and the nitrogen accumulation in plant and grain, while split application in combination with application after anthesis increased the nitrogen accumulation in plant and grain significantly and increased the grain yield. When the nitrogen was applied at a ratio of 2:4:4 at jointing stage, 10-leaf stage, and 10 days after anthesis, the grain yield of DH661 was up to 14123.0 kg x hm(-2); when the nitrogen was applied at a ratio of 1:2:5:2 as the basal and at jointing stage, 10-leaf stage, and 10 days after anthesis, the grain yield of ZD958 was up to 14517.1 kg x hm(-2). These two nitrogen application modes increased the grain yield of DH661 and ZD958 by 14.5% and 17.5%, respectively, as compared with one-dose nitrogen application at jointing stage. Split nitrogen application before anthesis increased plant nitrate reductase activity significantly. In the 0-42 days after anthesis under split nitrogen application, the glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase activities of DH661 and ZD958 were averagely increased by 32.6%, 47.1% and 50.4%, and 14.5%, 61.8% and 25.6%, and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased by 22. 0% and 36.6%, and 13.4% and 62.0%, respectively, and the malondialdehyde content was decreased significantly, as compared with one-off nitrogen application. It was suggested that for the high-yielding of summer maize, split application of nitrogen and appropriately increasing the nitrogen application ratio after anthesis could enhance the plant key nitrogen metabolism enzymes activities, delay leaf senescence, promote plant nitrogen uptake and its utilization, and increase grain yield.
以高产夏玉米品种登海661（DH661）和郑单958（ZD958）为试验材料，进行田间试验，研究不同施氮时期对其籽粒产量、氮素利用效率、氮代谢关键酶活性及抗氧化酶活性的影响。拔节期一次性施氮不利于籽粒产量及植株和籽粒中氮素积累的增加，而分期施氮并结合花后施氮显著增加了植株和籽粒中的氮素积累，提高了籽粒产量。当在拔节期、10叶期和花后10天按2∶4∶4比例施氮时，DH661的籽粒产量高达14123.0 kg·hm-2；当在基肥、拔节期、10叶期和花后10天按1∶2∶5∶2比例施氮时，ZD958的籽粒产量高达14517.1 kg·hm-2。与拔节期一次性施氮相比，这两种施氮模式分别使DH661和ZD958的籽粒产量提高了14.5%和17.5%。花前分期施氮显著提高了植株硝酸还原酶活性。在花后分期施氮条件下，花后0~42天，DH661和ZD958的谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性平均分别提高了32.6%、47.1%和50.4%，以及14.5%、61.8%和25.6%，超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别提高了22.0%和36.6%，以及13.4%和62.0%，丙二醛含量显著降低。表明夏玉米高产栽培时，分期施氮并适当增加花后施氮比例，可增强植株关键氮代谢酶活性，延缓叶片衰老，促进植株氮素吸收与利用，提高籽粒产量。
