Liu Yong-Bo, Li Jun-Sheng, Zhao Cai-Yun, Xiao Neng-Wen, Guan Xiao
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2012 Jun;23(6):1713-20.
China is one of the origin centers of rice (Oryza sativa), with a distribution of abundant wild rice germplasm resources. Since the biosafety certificates were issued to Bt transgenic rice containing cry1Ac gene against lepidopteran pests, concerns are raised on the gene flow from transgenic rice to its wild relatives. This paper reviewed the occurrence of transgenic rice gene flow and its potential ecological consequences. Most studies suggested that transgenic rice could successfully hybridize with cultivated rice, wild rice (O. rufipogon), red rice (O. sativa f. spontanea), and barnyard grass (Echinochloa caudata), and the gene flow from transgenic rice had a lower occurrence frequency and was highly variable. Once the gene flow successfully occurred, the transgenes could introgress into a wild population within only a few generations because of the fitness advantage of transgenic rice due to the new selective traits of transgenes. When the transgenic plants invaded and persisted in a wild population, the dynamic changes of the mixed population would depend on the relative fitness and competition capability. To study the effects of the gene flow of transgenic rice and its long-term ecological consequences would have significance in rationally protecting and utilizing wild rice germplasm resources in China.
中国是水稻（Oryza sativa）的起源中心之一，分布着丰富的野生稻种质资源。自从含有抗鳞翅目害虫cry1Ac基因的Bt转基因水稻获得生物安全证书以来，人们对转基因水稻向其野生近缘种的基因漂移产生了担忧。本文综述了转基因水稻基因漂移的发生情况及其潜在的生态后果。大多数研究表明，转基因水稻能够与栽培稻、野生稻（O. rufipogon）、杂草稻（O. sativa f. spontanea）和稗草（Echinochloa caudata）成功杂交，且转基因水稻的基因漂移发生频率较低且差异很大。一旦基因漂移成功发生，由于转基因赋予的新选择性状使转基因水稻具有适应性优势，转基因可在短短几代内渗入野生种群。当转基因植物侵入并在野生种群中持续存在时，混合种群的动态变化将取决于相对适应性和竞争能力。研究转基因水稻基因漂移的影响及其长期生态后果，对于合理保护和利用中国的野生稻种质资源具有重要意义。
