Schmidt H
Westpfalz-Klinikum GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Deutschland.
HNO. 2012 Sep;60(9):772-80. doi: 10.1007/s00106-012-2490-5.
A foreign body (Latin: corpus alienum) is any object originating outside the body. Of all specialties, otolaryngology covers the greatest number of natural body orifices, making foreign bodies a common diagnosis. Foreign bodies of the ear canal and nose often occur in children and are easily accessible during physical examination. Foreign bodies of the oral cavity and oropharynx are also easily removed. Esophageal and tracheobronchial foreign bodies are common in children and the elderly. A number of rigid and flexible endoscopic techniques are available for foreign body removal. In Germany, flexible endoscopy is six times more common than rigid endoscopy. Both methods are highly effective, and each has its advantages in certain situations. Rigid endoscopy is still a key in otolaryngology and can be used in case of failure of flexible techniques. It is therefore important for otolaryngologists to be proficient in both techniques.
异物（拉丁语：corpus alienum）是指源于身体外部的任何物体。在所有医学专科中，耳鼻喉科所涉及的自然体腔最多，这使得异物成为一种常见的诊断情况。耳道和鼻腔异物在儿童中较为常见，且在体格检查时易于触及。口腔和口咽异物也易于取出。食管和气管支气管异物在儿童和老年人中较为常见。有多种刚性和柔性内镜技术可用于取出异物。在德国，柔性内镜检查的使用频率是刚性内镜检查的六倍。两种方法都非常有效，且在某些情况下各有优势。刚性内镜检查在耳鼻喉科仍然是关键技术，在柔性技术失败时也可使用。因此，耳鼻喉科医生熟练掌握这两种技术非常重要。
