Foltran Francesca, Gregori Dario, Passàli Desiderio, Bellussi Luisa, Caruso Giuseppe, Passàli Francesco Maria, Passàli Giulio Cesare
Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma no. 67, Pisa, Italy.
Auris Nasus Larynx. 2011 Oct;38(5):612-7. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2011.01.019. Epub 2011 Feb 26.
Foreign body inhalation/aspiration or ingestion is a relatively common event in young children and, despite many efforts made in several Countries to reach acceptable safety levels for products devoted to children, small toys or toy parts are frequently mentioned among risky foreign bodies. The aim of the present study is to characterize the risk of complications and prolonged hospitalization due to toys inhalation/aspiration or ingestion according to age and gender of patients, FB characteristics and FB location, circumstances of the accident, as emerging from the ESFBI study.
A retrospective study in major hospitals of 19 European Countries was realized on children aged 0-14 having inhaled/aspired or ingested a toy, with regard to the characteristics of the child and the FB (shape, volume, consistency), the FB location, the hospitalization's details and the occurrence of complications.
In the years 2000-2003 a total of 2094 FB injuries occurred in children aged 0-14 years. Among them 121 (5.8%) were due to toys (mainly parts of toys) and 95 (4.5%) occurred in the lower/upper aero-digestive tract. 58 children needed hospitalization. The first determinant of a damage requiring hospitalization is the rigid consistence of the object. Almost 27% of toys related injuries happened under adults' supervision.
Despite the adoption of preventive strategies, including products modification by manufacturers, has resulted in a decrease of children's mortality rate for choking in the last decades, our results seem to testify that preventive strategies imposing a regulation of industrial production, even if fundamental, are not sufficient and need to be integrated with other preventive intervention addressed to improve parents ability to be conscious of FB injuries and attentive toward a proper surveillance of children.
异物吸入/误吸或误食在幼儿中是相对常见的事件，尽管多个国家为使儿童用品达到可接受的安全水平付出了诸多努力，但小玩具或玩具部件仍经常被列为有风险的异物。本研究的目的是根据ESFBI研究结果，按患者年龄和性别、异物特征和位置、事故情况，描述因玩具吸入/误吸或误食导致并发症和延长住院时间的风险。
对19个欧洲国家主要医院中0至14岁吸入/误吸或误食玩具的儿童进行回顾性研究，涉及儿童和异物的特征（形状、体积、质地）、异物位置、住院详情及并发症发生情况。
2000年至2003年期间，0至14岁儿童共发生2094起异物损伤事件。其中121起（5.8%）是由玩具（主要是玩具部件）导致的，95起（4.5%）发生在上下呼吸道消化道。58名儿童需要住院治疗。导致需要住院治疗损伤的首要决定因素是物体的坚硬质地。近27%的玩具相关损伤发生在成人监管之下。
尽管采取了预防策略，包括制造商对产品进行改良，在过去几十年中已使儿童窒息死亡率有所下降，但我们的研究结果似乎表明，仅实施规范工业生产的预防策略虽至关重要，但并不充分，还需要与其他预防干预措施相结合，以提高家长对异物损伤的认识能力，并使其更加留意对儿童的适当监护。
