School of Paediatrics and Child Health Research (SPACH), Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Western Australia, PO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6001 Australia.
Pediatrics. 2012 Oct;130(4):674-82. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-3104. Epub 2012 Sep 3.
Relative deficiency of dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been implicated in the rising allergy prevalence in Westernized countries. Fish oil supplementation may provide an intervention strategy for primary allergy prevention. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of fish oil n-3 PUFA supplementation from birth to 6 months of age on infant allergic disease.
In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 420 infants at high atopic risk received a daily supplement of fish oil containing 280 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 110 mg eicosapentaenoic acid or a control (olive oil), from birth to age 6 months. PUFA levels were measured in 6-month-old infants' erythrocytes and plasma and their mothers' breast milk. Eczema, food allergy, asthma and sensitization were assessed in 323 infants for whom clinical follow-up was completed at 12 months of age.
At 6 months of age, infant docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid levels were significantly higher (both P < .05) and erythrocyte arachidonic acid levels were lower (P = .003) in the fish oil group. Although n-3 PUFA levels at 6 months were associated with lower risk of eczema (P = .033) and recurrent wheeze (P = .027), the association with eczema was not significant after multiple comparisons and there was no effect of the intervention per se on the primary study outcomes. Specifically, between-group comparisons revealed no differences in the occurrence of allergic outcomes including sensitization, eczema, asthma, or food allergy.
Postnatal fish oil supplementation improved infant n-3 status but did not prevent childhood allergic disease.
饮食中ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）的相对缺乏与西方国家过敏患病率的上升有关。鱼油补充剂可能为初级过敏预防提供一种干预策略。本研究的目的是评估从出生到 6 个月龄时补充鱼油 n-3 PUFA 对婴儿过敏性疾病的影响。
在一项双盲随机对照试验中，420 名高特应性风险的婴儿从出生到 6 个月龄时每天接受含有 280mg 二十二碳六烯酸和 110mg 二十碳五烯酸的鱼油或对照（橄榄油）补充剂。在 6 个月龄时测量婴儿红细胞和血浆以及其母亲母乳中的多不饱和脂肪酸水平。在完成 12 个月龄临床随访的 323 名婴儿中评估湿疹、食物过敏、哮喘和致敏情况。
在 6 个月龄时，鱼油组婴儿二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸水平显著升高（均 P <.05），红细胞花生四烯酸水平降低（P =.003）。尽管 6 个月龄时 n-3 PUFA 水平与湿疹（P =.033）和反复喘息（P =.027）的风险降低相关，但在进行多次比较后，这种关联并不显著，干预本身对主要研究结果也没有影响。具体而言，组间比较未发现过敏结局（包括致敏、湿疹、哮喘或食物过敏）的发生率存在差异。
产后补充鱼油可改善婴儿 n-3 状态，但不能预防儿童过敏性疾病。
