Xue Chao, Ye Xu D, Li Wei, Peng Qian, Ding Heng Y, Zhang Ying H, He Di F, Bai Xu, Huang You, Song Ya S, Pang Ling, Liao Yun H
Department of Renal, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Clin Nephrol. 2013 Jan;79(1):50-6. doi: 10.5414/CN107511.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a predictor of end-stage renal and cardiovascular disease. There is no data on CKD prevalence in numerous minority communities of China such as the Guangxi Jing community. We determined CKD prevalence and related risk factors in Jing adults.
A stratified cluster random sampling method was used in this study comprising 757 Jing adults. Questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests including measurements of urinary albumin and hematuria, were performed. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the improved Chinese population MDRD formula. CKD-related risk factors were also examined.
After standardization for age and gender, the prevalence of albuminuria, haematuria and eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was 12.5%, 3.8% and 0.4%, respectively Overall CKD prevalence was 15.3%, while the awareness rate was only 11.6%. Females had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) prevalence of albuminuria, hematuria and eGFR < 60 ml/min compared to males. CKD prevalence tended to increase significantly (< 0.05) with increase in age. Using the standardized age and gender ratios, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia was 14.8%, 5.2%, 38% and 16.2%, respectively, with awareness of 41.0%, 41.2%, 6.6% and 0.9%. Prevalence of overweight or obesity status and metabolic syndrome was 12.1% and 3.0%. Females showed a significantly higher prevalence of hyperuricemia and obesity or overweight status. CKD prevalence was also significantly higher in people with risk diseases. Regression analysis showed that age, gender, hypertension, high cholesterol and diabetes were CKD-related risk factors, while culture (higher education level) was a protective factor.
Jing adults showed a high CKD prevalence of 15.3%, with a low awareness rate of 11.6%. Older subjects and females were more susceptible with a high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome etc. being associated closely with CKD.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）日益被视为终末期肾病和心血管疾病的预测指标。在中国众多少数民族社区，如广西京族社区，尚无关于CKD患病率的数据。我们确定了京族成年人的CKD患病率及相关危险因素。
本研究采用分层整群随机抽样方法，纳入757名京族成年人。进行了问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测，包括尿白蛋白和血尿检测。使用改良的中国人群MDRD公式计算估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）。还对CKD相关危险因素进行了检查。
经年龄和性别标准化后，蛋白尿、血尿患病率以及eGFR<60 ml/（min·1.73 m²）分别为12.5%、3.8%和0.4%。总体CKD患病率为15.3%，而知晓率仅为11.6%。女性蛋白尿、血尿患病率以及eGFR<60 ml/min显著高于男性（p<0.05）。CKD患病率随年龄增长显著升高（p<0.05）。采用标准化年龄和性别比，高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症和高尿酸血症患病率分别为14.8%、5.2%、38%和16.2%，知晓率分别为41.0%、41.2%、6.6%和0.9%。超重或肥胖状态以及代谢综合征患病率分别为12.1%和3.0%。女性高尿酸血症以及肥胖或超重状态患病率显著更高。患有风险疾病的人群CKD患病率也显著更高。回归分析表明，年龄、性别、高血压、高胆固醇和糖尿病是CKD相关危险因素，而文化程度（高等教育水平）是保护因素。
京族成年人CKD患病率高达15.3%，知晓率低至11.6%。老年受试者和女性更易患病，高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、代谢综合征等患病率高，且与CKD密切相关。
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