Welsh L W, Welsh J J, Scogna J E, Gregor F A
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1990 Jan;99(1):69-73. doi: 10.1177/000348949009900112.
When interruption of the related arteries fails to control epistaxis, angiography is recommended for identification of the vascular base, the collateral circulation, and the possibility of arterial abnormalities. Criteria are proposed for utilization of vascular mapping, and relevant cases are cited to support the specific indications for application.
当相关动脉的阻断无法控制鼻出血时,建议进行血管造影以确定血管基部、侧支循环以及动脉异常的可能性。本文提出了血管造影的应用标准,并引用相关病例以支持具体的应用指征。