INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
J Anim Sci. 2012 Dec;90(13):4866-75. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-5309. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
Feed restriction may be a strategy used by farmers to limit digestive disorders after weaning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction applied 1 wk after weaning on growth performance and health of pigs reared in 2 different sanitary conditions (Good vs. Poor; managed in opposite ways with respect to cleaning, animal density, and preventive antibiotic use) and confronted with stressful common farming practices (i.e., diet transition and building transfer). At weaning at 4 wk of age, 48 pigs were assigned to 1 of the 4 experimental treatments consisting of 2 sanitary conditions and 2 feeding levels (ad libitum vs. restricted). At 2 d after weaning, restricted pigs received 20% of the feed quantity consumed by ad libitum pigs. The feeding level of the restricted pigs was gradually increased to attain ad libitum feeding on d 8. Imposed stressful conditions occurred at d 12 (the weaner diet replaced the starter diet), d 33 (transfer of pigs from the weaner unit to the grower unit), and d 47 (the grower diet replaced the weaner diet). This allowed 4 distinguishing phases: I, from 0 to 11 d; II, from 12 to 32 d; III, from 33 to 46 d; and IV, from 47 to 60 d after weaning. Poor sanitary conditions resulted in decreased growth performance during phase I (P < 0.001) and III (P < 0.01), and the final BW of pigs kept in Poor sanitary conditions was 4 kg less (P = 0.02) than those kept in Good sanitary conditions. Plasma haptoglobin concentration was increased on d 12 after weaning (P = 0.001) as was the occurrence of soft feces during phases II and III (P ≤ 0.05) in Poor sanitary conditions. In both sanitary conditions, the restricted feeding level resulted in decreased ADG (P < 0.001), increased plasma haptoglobin and salivary cortisol concentrations, and feeding-associated behaviors (P < 0.05) during phase I. In Poor sanitary conditions, feed restriction was very detrimental and differences in ADFI and ADG between restricted and ad libitum pigs increased with time (P = 0.05). Conversely, in Good sanitary conditions, restricted pigs attained the BW of ad libitum pigs before the end of the experiment. In conclusion, imposing feed restriction on pigs during the first days after weaning does not seem to be an effective strategy to decrease the negative effects of Poor sanitary conditions; rather, it reinforces these effects.
限饲可能是农民在断奶后用来限制消化紊乱的一种策略。本研究的目的是评估断奶后 1 周内进行限饲对在两种不同卫生条件（良好和较差；在清洁、动物密度和预防性抗生素使用方面以相反的方式管理）下饲养的猪的生长性能和健康的影响，并使其面临常见的应激性养殖实践（即，饲料转换和猪舍转移）。在 4 周龄断奶时，将 48 头猪分配到 4 个实验处理中的 1 个，这 4 个处理包括 2 种卫生条件和 2 种饲养水平（自由采食与限饲）。断奶后 2 天，限饲猪的采食量为自由采食猪的 20%。限饲猪的采食量逐渐增加，在第 8 天达到自由采食。在第 12 天（断奶猪饲料替代起始猪饲料）、第 33 天（将猪从断奶单元转移到生长单元）和第 47 天（生长猪饲料替代断奶猪饲料）实施了应激条件。这允许区分 4 个阶段：I，0 至 11 天；II，12 至 32 天；III，33 至 46 天；IV，断奶后 47 至 60 天。较差的卫生条件导致第 I 阶段（P < 0.001）和第 III 阶段（P < 0.01）生长性能下降，较差卫生条件下饲养的猪的最终体重比良好卫生条件下饲养的猪低 4 公斤（P = 0.02）。断奶后 12 天，血浆结合珠蛋白浓度升高（P = 0.001），较差卫生条件下的 II 期和 III 期出现软便（P ≤ 0.05）。在两种卫生条件下，限饲水平导致第 I 阶段 ADG 降低（P < 0.001），血浆结合珠蛋白和唾液皮质醇浓度升高，以及与采食相关的行为（P < 0.05）。在较差卫生条件下，限饲非常不利，限制和自由采食猪的 ADFI 和 ADG 之间的差异随着时间的推移而增加（P = 0.05）。相反，在良好的卫生条件下，限制饲养的猪在实验结束前达到了自由采食猪的体重。综上所述，在断奶后的最初几天对猪进行限饲似乎不是减少较差卫生条件负面影响的有效策略；相反，它加剧了这些影响。
