Leonard H L, Goldberger E L, Rapoport J L, Cheslow D L, Swedo S E
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1990 Jan;29(1):17-23. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00004.
The symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have been viewed as extreme variants of normal developmental rituals and superstitiousness; however, difference in timing, content, and severity argue against this continuum. In a systematic comparison of 38 children with severe primary OCD and 22 matched normal controls, parents were interviewed about their child's early developmental rituals and current superstitions. Children were asked about superstitious beliefs. Children with OCD did not differ significantly from controls in number or type of superstitions. However, parents of the OCD children reported significantly more "marked" patterns of early ritualistic behavior than did parents of normal controls. When behaviors resembling primary OCD symptoms were excluded, other rituals did not differ leaving open the possibility that such behaviors were early manifestations of the disorder. Only a prospective study can determine whether these results reflect preclinical OCD or are an artifact of biased recall.
强迫症（OCD）的症状一直被视为正常发育过程中的仪式行为和迷信行为的极端变体；然而，在时间、内容和严重程度上的差异反驳了这种连续性的观点。在一项对38名患有严重原发性强迫症的儿童和22名匹配的正常对照组儿童的系统比较中，研究人员就孩子早期的发育仪式行为和当前的迷信行为对家长进行了访谈。同时也询问了孩子们的迷信观念。患有强迫症的儿童在迷信行为的数量或类型上与对照组没有显著差异。然而，强迫症儿童的家长报告的早期仪式行为的“显著”模式比正常对照组儿童的家长更多。当排除类似原发性强迫症症状的行为后，其他仪式行为并无差异，这使得这些行为可能是该疾病早期表现的可能性依然存在。只有前瞻性研究才能确定这些结果是反映了临床前强迫症，还是有偏差回忆造成的假象。
