Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria.
Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013 Apr;41(3):293-301. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02872.x. Epub 2012 Oct 29.
A protective, but inconsistent association between myopia and a decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been suggested in several studies. However, it is unclear whether the structural, or the refractive components of myopia; or both, is the main contributor to this protective relationship. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing evidence on the association between myopia, and its structural (axial length [AL], anterior chamber depth [ACD]) and refractive (lens biometry and corneal curvature [CC]) components, with DR. 11 studies consisting of 7230 subjects from 1960 to April 2012, were reviewed. A longer AL was the only variable associated with a lower risk and severity of DR. Therefore, the available evidence suggests that AL is the main contributor to the protective influence of myopia on DR observed in earlier studies. Further investigations are now needed to determine the mechanisms by which AL protects against DR.
已有几项研究表明，近视与糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）风险降低之间存在保护作用，但并不明确这种保护作用的主要贡献因素是近视的结构因素（眼轴长度 [AL]、前房深度 [ACD]）还是屈光因素（晶状体生物测量和角膜曲率 [CC]），或者是两者都有。本文对截至 2012 年 4 月的 1960 年以来的 11 项研究中，近视及其结构（眼轴长度 [AL]、前房深度 [ACD]）和屈光（晶状体生物测量和角膜曲率 [CC]）成分与 DR 之间的关联的现有证据进行了全面回顾，这些研究共纳入了 7230 名受试者。结果显示，只有较长的 AL 与较低的 DR 风险和严重程度相关。因此，现有证据表明，AL 是近视对早期研究中观察到的 DR 具有保护作用的主要贡献因素。目前需要进一步研究来确定 AL 预防 DR 的机制。
