PARCC Paris Cardiovascular Centre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.
Semin Nephrol. 2012 Jul;32(4):394-404. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.06.011.
Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells that line the urinary surface of the glomerular capillary tuft. To maintain kidney filtration, podocytes oppose the high intraglomerular hydrostatic pressure, form a molecular sieve, secrete soluble factors to regulate other glomerular cell types, and provide synthesis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane. Impairment of any of these functions after podocyte injury results in proteinuria and possibly renal failure. Loss of glomerular podocytes is a key feature for the progression of renal diseases, and detached podocytes can be retrieved in the urine of patients with progressive glomerular diseases. Thus, the concept of podocyte loss as a hallmark of progressive glomerular disease has been widely accepted. However, the nature of events that promote podocyte detachment and whether detachment is preceded by any kind of podocyte cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, or necrosis, still remains unclear and is discussed in this review.
足细胞是高度特化的上皮细胞，排列在肾小球毛细血管袢的尿侧。为了维持肾脏的过滤功能，足细胞对抗高的肾小球内静水压力，形成分子筛，分泌可溶性因子来调节其他肾小球细胞类型，并提供肾小球基底膜的合成和维持。足细胞损伤后，这些功能中的任何一项受损都会导致蛋白尿，可能导致肾衰竭。肾小球足细胞的丢失是肾脏疾病进展的一个关键特征，在进行性肾小球疾病患者的尿液中可以检测到脱落的足细胞。因此，足细胞丢失作为进行性肾小球疾病的标志的概念已被广泛接受。然而，促进足细胞脱落的事件的性质，以及脱落是否先于任何类型的足细胞死亡，如凋亡、坏死性凋亡或坏死，仍然不清楚，这在本文中进行了讨论。
