两种不同长链 ω-3 高度不饱和脂肪酸来源对马血浆、红细胞和骨骼肌掺入的影响。

Effects of two different dietary sources of long chain omega-3, highly unsaturated fatty acids on incorporation into the plasma, red blood cell, and skeletal muscle in horses.

机构信息

Equine Science, Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 2012 Sep;90(9):3023-31. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4412.

DOI:10.2527/jas.2011-4412

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different sources of dietary omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on plasma, red blood cell, and skeletal muscle fatty acid compositions in horses. Twenty-one mares were blocked by age, BW, and BCS and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 7 mares per treatment. Dietary treatments were: 1) control or no fatty acid supplement (CON), 2) 38 g of n-3 long chain, highly unsaturated fatty acid (LCHUFA) supplement/d provided by algae and fish oil (MARINE) containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and 3) 38 g of n-3 LCHUFA supplement/d provided by a flaxseed meal (FLAX) containing ALA. Each supplement was added to a basal diet consisting of hay and barley and was fed for 90 d. Blood samples and muscle middle gluteal biopsies were taken at d 0, 30, 60 and 90 of supplementation. Plasma, red blood cell and skeletal muscle fatty acid profiles were determined via gas chromatography. Plasma linoleic acid (LA) and ALA were at least 10 and 60% less (P < 0.01), respectively, in the MARINE compared with the FLAX and CON groups. Plasma EPA and DHA were only detected in the MARINE group, and EPA increased 40% (P < 0.001) from d 30 to 60, and DHA 19% (P < 0.01) from d 30 to 90. Red blood cell LA and ALA were not different among treatments. Red blood cell EPA and DHA were only detected in the MARINE group, where EPA increased 38% (P < 0.01) from d 30 to 60, and DHA increased 56% (P < 0.001) between d 30 and 90. Skeletal muscle LA was at least 17% less (P < 0.001) in the MARINE group compared with the other treatments. Skeletal muscle ALA was 15% less (P = 0.03) in the MARINE group compared with FLAX and CON groups. Skeletal muscle EPA was at least 25% greater (P < 0.001) in MARINE group compared with other treatments and increased (P < 0.001) by 71% from d 30 to 60. Skeletal muscle DHA was at least 57% greater (P < 0.001) in the MARINE group compared with other groups and increased (P < 0.001) by 40% between d 30 and 90. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first study to demonstrate that dietary fatty acid supplementation will affect muscle fatty acid composition in horses. Incorporation of n-3 LCHUFA into blood and muscle depends directly on dietary supply of specific fatty acids.

摘要

本研究的目的是研究不同来源的膳食 ω-3（n-3）脂肪酸补充剂对马血浆、红细胞和骨骼肌脂肪酸组成的影响。21 匹母马按年龄、BW 和 BCS 分组，并按 1 种处理分配给 7 匹母马，共 3 种处理。膳食处理如下：1）对照或不添加脂肪酸补充剂（CON），2）38 g 来自藻类和鱼油的 n-3 长链、高度不饱和脂肪酸（LCHUFA）补充剂/d，含有α-亚麻酸（ALA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十二碳五烯酸（DPA）（MARINE），3）38 g 来自亚麻籽粉（FLAX）的 n-3 LCHUFA 补充剂/d，含有 ALA。每个补充剂都添加到由干草和大麦组成的基础日粮中，并在 90 天内进行补充。在补充的第 0、30、60 和 90 天，采集血样和肌肉中臀肌活检。通过气相色谱法测定血浆、红细胞和骨骼肌脂肪酸谱。与 FLAX 和 CON 组相比，MARINE 组的血浆亚油酸（LA）和 ALA 至少分别低 10%和 60%（P < 0.01）。MARINE 组仅检测到 EPA 和 DHA，EPA 从第 30 天到第 60 天增加了 40%（P < 0.001），DHA 从第 30 天到第 90 天增加了 19%（P < 0.01）。处理之间红细胞 LA 和 ALA 没有差异。红细胞 EPA 和 DHA 仅在 MARINE 组中检测到，EPA 从第 30 天到第 60 天增加了 38%（P < 0.01），DHA 从第 30 天到第 90 天增加了 56%（P < 0.001）。MARINE 组的骨骼肌 LA 比其他处理组低至少 17%（P < 0.001）。MARINE 组的骨骼肌 ALA 比 FLAX 和 CON 组低 15%（P = 0.03）。MARINE 组的骨骼肌 EPA 比其他处理组高至少 25%（P < 0.001），从第 30 天到第 60 天增加了 71%。MARINE 组的骨骼肌 DHA 比其他组高至少 57%（P < 0.001），从第 30 天到第 90 天增加了 40%。据作者所知，这是第一项证明膳食脂肪酸补充剂会影响马肌肉脂肪酸组成的研究。n-3 LCHUFA 掺入血液和肌肉直接取决于特定脂肪酸的膳食供应。