Department Of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2012 Sep;90(9):3213-9. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4597.
Long distance transportation of weaned piglets (Sus scrofa) is increasingly common in the united states and may result in delayed eating, drinking, or normal social behaviors. A potential solution is a mid-journey rest (lairage). The objective of this study was to determine if a lairage altered behavior after a 16-h transport. Pigs that weighed approximately 18 kg each (n = 894) were housed in 16 pens with 8 pens per treatment. Lairaged pigs were transported for 8 h and given an 8-h rest with food and water, whereas control pigs were transported continuously for 16 h. The heaviest, the lightest, and 2 average-BW pigs relative to the average weight of the pen were observed by video recording for 24 h immediately before and after transport, and during d 6 and 13 after transport. Postures (lying, sitting, and standing) were recorded using 10-min-interval scan sampling, and behavioral categories included inactivity, activities (eating, drinking, alert, manipulating pen, rooting, and walking) and social interactions (aggression, belly nosing, playing, tail biting, and positive social behaviors). In both treatments, sitting occurred most before transport (P < 0.01) than at other times, but did not differ between treatments. Standing increased (time effect; P < 0.01) for both treatments immediately after transport through d 6, but returned to pre-transport values by d 13. In contrast, lying decreased (time effect; P < 0.01) after transport, but returned to above pre-transport values by d 13. Time effects were evident for activity (P < 0.01), pen manipulation (P = 0.05), rooting (P < 0.01), initiation of belly-nosing (P = 0.01), and receiving belly-nosing (P = 0.03); however, initiation of aggression did not differ for day (P = 0.19) or treatment (P = 0.56). Lairaged pigs initiated more (P = 0.05) play than continuously transported pigs, but no differences (P = 0.84) were seen in receipt of play behavior. Pigs that were to be transported for 16 h continuously walked less pre-transport, walked more post-transport (treatment × time interaction; P = 0.02), and drank less pre-transport, but drank more on all days post-transport compared with the lairage group (treatment × time interaction; P = 0.001). This study indicated that extended transport without lairage alters some swine behaviors relevant to production (water consumption) and demonstrated that a long-duration transport, regardless of the mid-journey lairage treatment, affects a number of behaviors up to 13 d after transportation.
断奶仔猪（Sus scrofa）的长途运输在美国越来越普遍，可能导致延迟进食、饮水或正常的社交行为。一种潜在的解决方案是中途休息（lairage）。本研究的目的是确定中途休息是否会改变运输 16 小时后的行为。每头重约 18 公斤的仔猪（n = 894）被安置在 16 个围栏中，每个处理 8 个围栏。lairaged 猪运输 8 小时，然后休息 8 小时，提供食物和水，而对照猪则连续运输 16 小时。在运输前和运输后立即以及运输后第 6 天和第 13 天，通过视频记录观察最重、最轻和 2 头相对于围栏平均体重的猪，记录 24 小时。使用 10 分钟间隔扫描采样记录姿势（躺着、坐着和站立），行为类别包括不活动、活动（进食、饮水、警觉、操纵围栏、觅食和行走）和社交互动（攻击、腹部嗅探、玩耍、咬尾和积极的社交行为）。在两种处理中，在运输前（P < 0.01），坐着比其他时间发生得更多，但在处理之间没有差异。站立在运输后立即增加（时间效应；P < 0.01），直到第 6 天，但在第 13 天恢复到运输前的值。相反，躺着的时间减少（时间效应；P < 0.01），但在第 13 天恢复到高于运输前的值。活动（P < 0.01）、围栏操纵（P = 0.05）、觅食（P < 0.01）、腹部嗅探开始（P = 0.01）和接收腹部嗅探（P = 0.03）都有时间效应；然而，攻击的开始在白天（P = 0.19）或治疗（P = 0.56）之间没有差异。lairaged 猪比连续运输的猪开始更多的玩耍（P = 0.05），但在接受玩耍行为方面没有差异（P = 0.84）。连续运输 16 小时的猪在运输前行走较少，运输后行走较多（处理×时间交互作用；P = 0.02），并且在运输前饮水较少，但在运输后所有天数的饮水量都较多与 lairage 组相比（处理×时间交互作用；P = 0.001）。本研究表明，没有中途休息的长时间运输改变了一些与生产（水消耗）相关的猪行为，并表明无论中途休息与否，长时间运输都会在运输后 13 天内影响许多行为。
