Krízová Eva
Department of Medical Ethics and Humanities, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2012 Jun;20(2):110-5. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3707.
This article informs about recent research findings on voluntary and mutual aid in the Czech Republic with a special attention paid to formal volunteering in health and social care. The data suggest that public involvement is comparable to middle-frequency experienced in European countries. In this respect, volunteering is higher in the Czech Republic than in other former Eastern European countries and is an evidence of a successful and rapid restoration of the civic sector. New patterns of volunteering featured by planning, coordination, and contracting have spread out being strongly supported by national and EU policy measures. Managerial patterns of volunteering are dominating in health and social care institutions. Volunteering in health and social care is firmly motivated by emotional altruism; however, reciprocal (instrumental) and normative motivations are also present, though to a lesser extent compared to other sectors of volunteer activities. In the managerial pattern of volunteering altruism is balanced with personal gains and benefits for those who volunteer. Volunteering is deeply embedded in a civic, humanitarian paradigm instead of a religious faith and duty.
本文介绍了捷克共和国近期关于志愿和互助的研究结果，特别关注了健康与社会护理领域的正规志愿服务。数据表明，公众参与程度与欧洲国家的中等频率相当。在这方面，捷克共和国的志愿服务率高于其他前东欧国家，这证明了公民部门的成功快速恢复。以规划、协调和签约为特征的新型志愿服务模式在国家和欧盟政策措施的大力支持下得以推广。志愿服务的管理模式在健康与社会护理机构中占主导地位。健康与社会护理领域的志愿服务主要由情感利他主义驱动；然而，互惠（工具性）和规范性动机也存在，尽管与其他志愿活动领域相比程度较低。在志愿服务的管理模式中，利他主义与志愿者个人的收获和利益相平衡。志愿服务深深植根于公民、人道主义范式，而非宗教信仰和义务。
