Charbel Halim, Al-Kawas Firas H
Division of Gastroenterology, Georgetown University Hospital, 2nd floor, Main Hospital, M2025, 3800 Reservoir road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2012 Dec;14(6):528-33. doi: 10.1007/s11894-012-0286-0.
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a tumor of the bile ducts that usually presents with biliary obstruction and has a poor prognosis. The treatment of CCA is challenging as the tumor is usually diagnosed late and the treatments are not very effective except when complete surgical resection is possible. In carefully selected patients, liver transplant can be a curative therapy. In the majority of cases, complete surgical resection is not possible and palliation is the mainstay of treatment. Stenting, using plastic or metallic stents, allows for biliary drainage. Photodynamic therapy plays a role in palliation and might play a role in adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. While radiation and chemotherapy can be beneficial, newer ablative techniques and targeted chemotherapies are promising.
胆管癌（CCA）是一种胆管肿瘤，通常表现为胆道梗阻，预后较差。CCA的治疗具有挑战性，因为该肿瘤通常在晚期才被诊断出来，而且除了可能进行完整的手术切除外，其他治疗方法效果都不太理想。在经过精心挑选的患者中，肝移植可以作为一种治愈性疗法。在大多数情况下，无法进行完整的手术切除，姑息治疗是主要的治疗手段。使用塑料或金属支架进行支架置入可实现胆道引流。光动力疗法在姑息治疗中发挥作用，也可能在辅助或新辅助治疗中发挥作用。虽然放疗和化疗可能有益，但更新的消融技术和靶向化疗很有前景。
