Halse Anne Karine, Schlabach Martin, Sweetman Andy, Jones Kevin C, Breivik Knut
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
J Environ Monit. 2012 Oct 26;14(10):2580-90. doi: 10.1039/c2em30378g. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
Passive air samplers (PAS) are cost-efficient tools suitable for spatial mapping of atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The objective of this study was to use PAS to (i) determine atmospheric concentrations of selected POPs in Norwegian coastal zones with consumption advisories on seafood (N = 22), and (ii) evaluate a simple nested monitoring approach to assess the relative influence of local vs. long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) at coastal sites. The latter was facilitated by comparison with data from a coordinated European-wide campaign in which an identical sampling and analytical approach was followed. Air concentrations were calculated based on the loss of performance reference compounds (PRCs), and results are presented for selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and chlordanes. Air concentrations of PCBs were generally highest at sites within larger cities and up to about an order of magnitude higher than anticipated on the basis of LRAT alone. The distribution of PAHs and HCB occasionally showed elevated concentrations at coastal sites with ongoing or former industrial activity, while an urban site was significantly influenced by banned insecticides (technical DDT and lindane). Coastal sites were also elevated in α-HCH beyond the anticipated LRAT contribution, which we attribute to volatilization from the sea. We conclude that a simple nested PAS monitoring approach provides useful information for screening efforts aiming to assess both atmospheric burdens as well as the relative significance of local sources in controlling these burdens at sites in contaminated areas.
被动空气采样器（PAS）是一种经济高效的工具，适用于对持久性有机污染物（POPs）的大气浓度进行空间测绘。本研究的目的是使用PAS：（i）确定挪威沿海地区（有22个发布海鲜消费建议的地区）选定POPs的大气浓度，以及（ii）评估一种简单的嵌套监测方法，以评估沿海站点本地与长距离大气传输（LRAT）的相对影响。通过与欧洲范围内一项协调行动的数据进行比较来促进后者的研究，在该行动中采用了相同的采样和分析方法。基于性能参考化合物（PRCs）的损失计算空气浓度，并给出选定多氯联苯（PCBs）、多环芳烃（PAHs）、六氯环己烷（HCHs）、六氯苯（HCB）、二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDTs）和氯丹的结果。PCBs的空气浓度通常在大城市内的站点最高，比仅基于LRAT预期的浓度高出约一个数量级。PAHs和HCB的分布偶尔在有正在进行或以前有工业活动的沿海站点显示出浓度升高，而一个城市站点受到禁用杀虫剂（工业DDT和林丹）的显著影响。沿海站点的α-HCH浓度也高于预期的LRAT贡献，我们将其归因于来自海洋的挥发。我们得出结论，一种简单的嵌套PAS监测方法为筛选工作提供了有用信息，这些筛选工作旨在评估大气负担以及本地源在控制污染地区站点这些负担方面的相对重要性。
