Global Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia.
Int J Gen Med. 2012;5:693-705. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S34647. Epub 2012 Aug 20.
Asthma is a global public health problem and the most common chronic disease among children. The factors associated with the condition are diverse, and environmental factors appear to be the leading cause of asthma exacerbation and its worsening disease burden. However, it remains unknown how changes in the environment affect asthma over time, and how temporal or environmental factors predict asthma events. The methodologies for forecasting asthma and other similar chronic conditions are not comprehensively documented anywhere to account for semistructured noncausal forecasting approaches. This paper highlights and discusses practical issues associated with asthma and the environment, and suggests possible approaches for developing decision-making tools in the form of semistructured black-box models, which is relatively new for asthma. Two statistical methods which can potentially be used in predictive modeling and health forecasting for both anticipated and peak events are suggested. Importantly, this paper attempts to bridge the areas of epidemiology, environmental medicine and exposure risks, and health services provision. The ideas discussed herein will support the development and implementation of early warning systems for chronic respiratory conditions in large populations, and ultimately lead to better decision-making tools for improving health service delivery.
哮喘是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,也是儿童中最常见的慢性疾病。与哮喘相关的因素多种多样,环境因素似乎是哮喘恶化及其疾病负担加重的主要原因。然而,目前尚不清楚环境变化如何随时间影响哮喘,以及时间或环境因素如何预测哮喘事件。由于缺乏对时间或环境因素进行半结构化非因果预测方法的综合记录,因此,预测哮喘和其他类似慢性疾病的方法在任何地方都不全面。本文重点讨论了与哮喘和环境相关的实际问题,并提出了可能的方法,以开发半结构化黑盒模型形式的决策工具,这对于哮喘来说是相对较新的方法。本文还提出了两种统计方法,这些方法可能用于预期和峰值事件的预测建模和健康预测。重要的是,本文试图弥合流行病学、环境医学和暴露风险以及卫生服务提供等领域之间的差距。本文所讨论的观点将支持为大人群中的慢性呼吸系统疾病开发和实施早期预警系统,并最终为改善卫生服务提供更好的决策工具。