Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2013 Feb;57(2):182-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01601.x. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
Some individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) exhibit aggressive behaviour directed towards themselves, others or the environment. Displaying aggressive behaviour is associated with a number of negative consequences such as the exposure to restrictive interventions. This study aims to identify personal and environmental factors related to the use of restrictive measures among persons with IDs living in the community.
Data for 81 adults with IDs were collected through a mail survey. The questionnaires acquired information on demographic variables, physical health and psychiatric diagnoses, medication, residential setting, support worker experience and prevalence of restraint and seclusion. The type and severity of aggressive behaviours were measured by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale.
The prevalence of restrictive measures was 63.0%: 44.4% seclusion, 42.0% physical restraint and 27.2% mechanical restraint. The mode of communication, anxiolytic medication, severity of the aggressive behaviours, presence of a functional assessment on aggressive behaviours, and support workers' experience with persons with IDs were predictors of restrictive measures.
The results of this study have several clinical implications for practitioners working with persons with IDs who exhibit aggressive behaviours. More research is needed to expand our understanding of the use of restrictive measures and reduce its frequency.
一些智障人士（ID）表现出自伤、伤人或破坏环境的攻击行为。攻击行为会带来诸多负面影响，例如遭受限制干预。本研究旨在确定与社区中 ID 人士使用限制措施相关的个人和环境因素。
通过邮件调查收集了 81 名 ID 成人的数据。问卷获取了人口统计学变量、身体健康和精神科诊断、药物治疗、居住环境、支持工作者经验以及约束和隔离的流行情况等信息。使用改良外显攻击量表来衡量攻击行为的类型和严重程度。
限制措施的流行率为 63.0%：44.4%的隔离，42.0%的身体约束和 27.2%的机械约束。沟通方式、抗焦虑药物、攻击行为的严重程度、对攻击行为的功能评估以及支持工作者与 ID 人士的经验是限制措施的预测因素。
本研究结果对从事有攻击行为的 ID 人士工作的临床医生具有重要意义。需要进一步研究以加深我们对限制措施使用的理解，减少其频率。
