V(IV)O and Cu(II) complexation by ligands based on pyridine nitrogen donors.

The binary and ternary systems formed by V(IV)O and Cu(II) ions with ligands (L) based on the pyridine ring (1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (terpy), 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm) and 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (bpp)) were studied, combining spectroscopic (EPR and UV-vis), pH-potentiometric and computational (DFT calculations) methods. In the systems with V(IV)O, the formation of mono-chelated complexes with equatorial-equatorial and equatorial-axial (phen, bpy, bpm and bpp) or equatorial-equatorial-equatorial and equatorial-axial-equatorial coordination (terpy) and bis-chelated species with cis-octahedral geometry, with a water or a hydroxido ion in the fourth equatorial position, is demonstrated. Phen, bpy, bpm and bpp form also a dinuclear (VO)(2)L(2)(H(2)O)(2)(OH)(2) complex with an anti-coplanar arrangement of the two V(IV)O ions and a ferromagnetic coupling between the metal ions. Due to the low basicity of the nitrogen donors, the potentially tetradentate 2,2'-bipyrimidine and 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine behave like simple bidentate ligands, and in the ternary systems with 2,2'-bipyridine the expected dinuclear species, in which the former ligands would act as a bridge between the two metal ions using all four nitrogen donors, are not formed. The interaction of phen and Cu(II)-phen complexes with human serum albumin (HSA) was also studied at pH 7.4 by circular dichroism and EPR spectroscopy, the formation of several HSA-Cu(II)-phen containing species being confirmed and their binding constants determined.