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我们现在在哪里?广义上昆虫的伯格曼法则。

Where are we now? Bergmann's rule sensu lato in insects.

机构信息

Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.

出版信息

Am Nat. 2012 Oct;180(4):511-9. doi: 10.1086/667595. Epub 2012 Aug 22.

Abstract

Bergmann's rule states that individuals of a species/clade at higher altitudes or latitudes will be larger than those at lower ones. A systemic review of the known literature on inter- and intraspecific variation in insect size along latitudinal or altitudinal clines was done to see how often such clines appeared and whether they reflected classwide, species-specific, or experimentally biased tendencies. Nearly even numbers of studies showed Bergmann clines and converse-Bergmann clines, where insects get smaller as latitude/altitude increases. In fact, the majority of studies suggested no clines at all. Small ranges may have obscured certain clines, while giant ranges may have introduced artifacts. Researchers examining interspecific patterns found clines less frequently than those examining intraspecific patterns because of variation among species within the clades, which renders interspecific studies unhelpful. Bergmann's rule does not apply to hexapods with nearly the same consistency as it does to endothermic vertebrates. The validity of Bergmann's rule for any group and range of insects is highly idiosyncratic and partially depends on the study design. I conclude that studies of Bergmann's rule should focus within species and look at widespread but contiguous populations to account for all sources of variation while minimizing error.

摘要

贝格曼规律指出,一个物种/进化枝在较高海拔或纬度的个体比在较低海拔或纬度的个体更大。对已知文献中昆虫大小在纬度或海拔梯度上的种间和种内变异的系统综述,旨在了解这种梯度出现的频率,以及它们是否反映了全类、种特异性或实验偏差的趋势。几乎有数量相等的研究表明存在贝格曼梯度和相反的贝格曼梯度,即随着纬度/海拔的增加,昆虫会变小。事实上,大多数研究表明根本没有梯度。小范围可能掩盖了某些梯度,而大范围可能引入了假象。研究人员在检查种间模式时发现梯度的频率低于检查种内模式的频率,因为进化枝内的物种存在差异,这使得种间研究没有帮助。贝格曼规律对具有相同体温的六足动物的适用性并不像对温血脊椎动物那样一致。贝格曼规律对任何昆虫群体和范围的有效性都是高度特殊的,部分取决于研究设计。我得出结论,对贝格曼规律的研究应集中在种内,并着眼于广泛但连续的种群,以考虑所有变异来源,同时最小化误差。

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