UMR 7268 - Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Éthique and Santé, Université d'Aix-Marseille-EFS-CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, CS80011 - Bat A, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012 Oct;149(2):250-8. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22122. Epub 2012 Aug 1.
This article examines social and environmental influences on the development of hypertension in a sample of 568 adults (290 men; 278 women) aged 20 years and older from Dakar, Senegal. We test the hypothesis that more recent immigrants to the city of Dakar will have lower blood pressure and lower rates of hypertension than those who have lived there longer. Cross-sectional sociodemographic, anthropometric and blood pressure data were collected during 2009. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 27.1% (95% CI: 25.2-29.0). Hypertension rates were not significantly associated with place of birth; however, length of residence in Dakar was a significant predictor, with those living in the city for less than 10 years having reduced risks of developing hypertension (OR = 0.25; P = 0.003). Other important correlates of blood pressure and hypertension risk in this sample were age and body mass index. These findings suggest that length of exposure to the urban environment-and associated changes in lifestyle-are linked to hypertension. Public health officials should thus pay particular attention to this phenomenon, and future anthropological research should include measures of both environmental and biological characteristics to study hypertension in Senegal.
这篇文章研究了社会和环境因素对塞内加尔达喀尔市 568 名 20 岁及以上成年人（290 名男性；278 名女性）高血压发展的影响。我们检验了一个假设，即最近移民到达喀尔市的人比那些居住时间更长的人血压更低，高血压发病率更低。2009 年期间收集了横断面社会人口统计学、人体测量学和血压数据。高血压总体患病率为 27.1%（95%CI：25.2-29.0）。高血压的发病率与出生地无显著相关性；然而，在达喀尔居住的时间是一个重要的预测因素，居住时间不到 10 年的人患高血压的风险降低（OR=0.25；P=0.003）。该样本中血压和高血压风险的其他重要相关因素是年龄和体重指数。这些发现表明，接触城市环境的时间长短（以及相关的生活方式变化）与高血压有关。因此，公共卫生官员应该特别关注这一现象，未来的人类学研究应包括环境和生物特征的衡量标准，以研究塞内加尔的高血压。
