Li T L, Lin H C, Ko M H, Chang C K, Fang S H
Department of Sport Promotion, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012 Oct;52(5):569-73.
Concerns have been raised regarding the effects of prolonged intensive training on adolescent athletes. This study investigated the differences in mucosal immune functions and stress responses between intensively trained male adolescent volleyball players and age-matched sedentary controls.
Twelve male volleyball players (16.5 [0.7] years of age) and sixteen healthy sedentary male volunteers (17.1 [0.6] years of age) participated in this study. Volleyball players were engaged in regular and year-round training. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from volleyball players during the high-intensity training period and from the counterparts at the same timepoints after at least 18 hours of rest. Concentrations of salivary total protein, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), cortisol, and lactoferrin were measured.
Results of this study revealed that the SIgA concentrations and the ratio of SIgA/total protein in volleyball players were significantly lower compared with those in sedentary controls. However, the salivary cortisol concentrations and the ratio of cortisol/total protein in volleyball players were markedly higher compared with those in sedentary controls. No significant difference was observed in lactoferrin levels between volleyball players and sedentary controls.
The findings of this study suggest that the prolonged intensive training may elicit a sustained stress and induce a suppressive effect on mucosal immunity in regularly and intensively trained adolescent athletes.
长期高强度训练对青少年运动员的影响引发了人们的关注。本研究调查了长期高强度训练的男性青少年排球运动员与年龄匹配的久坐不动的对照组之间黏膜免疫功能和应激反应的差异。
12名男性排球运动员（年龄16.5[0.7]岁）和16名健康的久坐不动的男性志愿者（年龄17.1[0.6]岁）参与了本研究。排球运动员进行常规的全年训练。在高强度训练期间采集排球运动员的非刺激性唾液样本，并在至少休息18小时后的相同时间点采集对照组的唾液样本。测量唾液总蛋白、分泌型免疫球蛋白A（SIgA）、皮质醇和乳铁蛋白的浓度。
本研究结果显示，排球运动员的SIgA浓度和SIgA/总蛋白比值显著低于久坐不动的对照组。然而，排球运动员的唾液皮质醇浓度和皮质醇/总蛋白比值明显高于久坐不动的对照组。排球运动员和久坐不动的对照组之间乳铁蛋白水平未观察到显著差异。
本研究结果表明，长期高强度训练可能会引发持续的应激反应，并对经常进行高强度训练的青少年运动员的黏膜免疫产生抑制作用。
