Department of Veterinary Hygiene, National Institute of Veterinary Research, No. 86, Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
J Food Prot. 2012 Jul;75(7):1317-9. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-501.
Integrated livestock-fish aquaculture utilizes animal excreta and urine as pond fertilizers to enhance growth of plankton and other microorganisms eaten by the fish. In Vietnam, pigs are commonly integrated with fish and horticulture in household-based VAC systems (vuon = garden; ao = pond; chuong = pigsty), but the level of fecal contamination in the fish produced is unknown. This study was carried out to assess the level Escherichia coli contamination of fish meat and gut contents of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), and rohu (Labeo rohita) cultured in randomly selected five VAC ponds (with pig manure) and five non-VAC ponds (without pig manure) at sites in periurban Hanoi, Vietnam. Fish muscle tissue samples contained E. coli at <10 or 320 or 820 CFU/g, regardless of the culture system from which they originated. In contrast, the intestinal contents of fish raised in manure-fed ponds contained E. coli at 4.75, 5.25, and 5.07 log CFU/g for silver carp, grass carp, and rohu, respectively, about 100 times higher than the contamination of fish from the control ponds. The results indicate that muscle tissue of fish raised in VAC systems has a low level of fecal contamination despite high levels of E. coli in their gut. Thus, a critical point to control food safety of such fish is the prevention of fecal cross-contamination during degutting and cleaning of the fish at markets and in the home.
水产养殖与畜牧养殖相结合，利用动物的粪便和尿液作为池塘肥料，以促进浮游生物和其他被鱼类食用的微生物的生长。在越南，猪通常与鱼类和园艺业结合在家庭式 VAC 系统中（vuon = 花园；ao = 池塘；chuong = 猪圈），但产生的鱼类粪便污染程度未知。本研究旨在评估随机选择的五个 VAC 池塘（有猪粪）和五个非 VAC 池塘（无猪粪）中养殖的草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）、白鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）和罗非鱼（Labeo rohita）的鱼肉和肠道内容物中大肠杆菌的污染水平。无论其养殖系统如何，鱼类肌肉组织样本中的大肠杆菌含量均<10 或 320 或 820 CFU/g。相比之下，在粪便喂养池塘中饲养的鱼类的肠道内容物中大肠杆菌含量分别为银鱼 4.75、5.25 和 5.07 log CFU/g，草鱼和罗非鱼分别为 4.75、5.25 和 5.07 log CFU/g，是对照池塘中鱼类污染水平的约 100 倍。结果表明，尽管鱼类肠道中的大肠杆菌含量很高，但 VAC 系统中养殖的鱼类肌肉组织的粪便污染程度较低。因此，控制此类鱼类食品安全的关键点是在市场和家庭中对鱼类进行去内脏和清洁时，防止粪便交叉污染。
