Rheman Shafiq, Hossain Sabrina, Sarker Md Samun, Akter Farhana, Khor Laura, Gan Han Ming, Powell Andy, Card Roderick M, Hounmanou Yaovi Mahuton Gildas, Dalsgaard Anders, Mohan Chadag Vishnumurthy, Bupasha Zamila Bueaza, Samad Mohammed A, Verner-Jeffreys David W, Delamare-Deboutteville Jérôme
Laboratory Department of Sustainable Aquaculture, WorldFish, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Mar 7;15:1329620. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1329620. eCollection 2024.
Wet markets in low-and middle-income countries are often reported to have inadequate sanitation resulting in fecal contamination of sold produce. Consumption of contaminated wet market-sourced foods has been linked to individual illness and disease outbreaks. This pilot study, conducted in two major wet markets in Dhaka city, Bangladesh during a 4-month period in 2021 aimed to assess the occurrence and characteristics of and non-typhoidal spp. (NTS) from tilapia () and shrimp (). Fifty-four individuals of each species were collected. The identity of the bacterial isolates was confirmed by PCR and their susceptibility toward 15 antimicrobials was tested by disk diffusion. The whole genome of 15 and nine spp. were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology. was present in 60-74% of tilapia muscle tissue and 41-44% of shrimp muscle tissue. spp. was found in skin (29%) and gills (26%) of tilapia, and occasionally in muscle and intestinal samples of shrimp. The had several Multilocus sequence typing and serotypes and limited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, such as point mutations on and . One (BD17) from tilapia carried resistance genes for beta-lactams, quinolones, and tetracycline. All the belonged to commensal phylogroups B1 and A and showed no Shiga-toxin and other virulence genes, confirming their commensal non-pathogenic status. Among the isolates, five belonged to Kentucky serovar and had similar AMR genes and phenotypic resistance patterns. Three strains of this serovar were ST198, often associated with human disease, carried the same resistance genes, and were genetically related to strains from the region. The two undetermined sequence types of . Kentucky were distantly related and positioned in a separate phylogenetic clade. Two Brunei serovar isolates, one Augustenborg isolate, and one Hartford isolate showed different resistance profiles. This study revealed high fecal contamination levels in tilapia and shrimp sold at two main wet markets in Dhaka. Together with the occurrence of spp., including . Kentucky ST198, a well-known human pathogen, these results stress the need to improve hygienic practices and sanitation standards at markets to improve food safety and protect consumer health.
据报道，低收入和中等收入国家的湿货市场卫生条件往往不足，导致出售的农产品受到粪便污染。食用受污染的湿货市场来源的食品与个人疾病和疾病暴发有关。这项试点研究于2021年在孟加拉国达卡市的两个主要湿货市场进行，为期4个月，旨在评估罗非鱼（）和虾（）中沙门氏菌和非伤寒沙门氏菌（NTS）的发生情况和特征。每种物种收集了54个个体。通过PCR确认细菌分离株的身份，并通过纸片扩散法测试它们对15种抗菌药物的敏感性。使用牛津纳米孔技术对15株沙门氏菌和9株非伤寒沙门氏菌的全基因组进行了测序。罗非鱼肌肉组织中60 - 74%以及虾肌肉组织中41 - 44%存在沙门氏菌。在罗非鱼的皮肤（29%）和鳃（26%）中发现了非伤寒沙门氏菌，偶尔在虾的肌肉和肠道样本中也有发现。沙门氏菌有几种多位点序列分型和血清型，并且抗菌耐药性（AMR）决定因素有限，例如在和上的点突变。一株来自罗非鱼的沙门氏菌（BD17）携带了对β - 内酰胺类、喹诺酮类和四环素的耐药基因。所有沙门氏菌都属于共生菌系B1和A，并且没有志贺毒素和其他毒力基因，证实了它们的共生非致病状态。在非伤寒沙门氏菌分离株中，有5株属于肯塔基血清型，具有相似的AMR基因和表型耐药模式。该血清型的3个菌株为ST198，常与人类疾病相关，携带相同的耐药基因，并且与该地区的菌株有亲缘关系。肯塔基血清型的另外两个未确定序列类型的菌株亲缘关系较远，位于一个单独的系统发育分支中。两株文莱血清型分离株、一株奥古斯汀堡分离株和一株哈特福德分离株表现出不同的耐药谱。这项研究揭示了达卡两个主要湿货市场出售的罗非鱼和虾粪便污染水平很高。连同包括肯塔基ST198（一种知名的人类病原体）在内的非伤寒沙门氏菌的出现，这些结果强调了改善市场卫生习惯和卫生标准以提高食品安全和保护消费者健康的必要性。
