School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK.
Theriogenology. 2012 Oct 15;78(7):1611-7. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.07.009.
In many species a transient uterine inflammatory response follows mating and is proposed to remove excess spermatozoa, bacteria, and other contaminants from the uterus. Similar events have been documented in the bitch involving increased uterine contractions, polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx and uterine artery vasodilation. Some healthy bitches with endometrial hyperplasia have increased numbers of uterine luminal polymorphonuclear neutrophils after mating and reduced fertility; it is purported that this represents a presumed postmating endometritis. This study used B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography at the time of mating to measure uterine contractions, clearance of ejaculated fluid, and uterine artery velocity in normal bitches and those with endometrial hyperplasia. Mating resulted in an increase in the number of uterine contractions, although fewer mating-induced contractions were noted in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia. Interestingly, uterine fluid cleared significantly more slowly after mating from the bitches with endometrial hyperplasia than the normal bitches (P = 0.01). In a further study, Doppler ultrasonography showed that in normal bitches there was a significant increase in uterine artery blood velocity (P = 0.04) and a decrease in the resistance index after mating (P = 0.04), indicating vasodilation. In bitches with endometrial hyperplasia the baseline resistance index was significantly higher than normal bitches (P = 0.05), and furthermore, although there was a significant decrease in resistance index after mating, in the bitches with endometrial hyperplasia this was of a smaller magnitude that in normal bitches. These findings indicate lower baseline uterine perfusion, and a blunted vasodilation response to mating in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia. Short-duration postmating administration of systemic antibiotic increased pregnancy rates in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia (P < 0.01). Litter sizes in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia were lower than those of normal bitches both before and after treatment with postmating antibiotic (P = 0.04 and < 0.01, respectively). Mating-induced endometritis in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia appears to affect fertility by reducing the uterine vasodilatory response to mating and delaying clearance of uterine fluid as a result of decreased uterine contractions but the effect can be ameliorated in part by the postmating administration of antibiotic.
在许多物种中，交配后会出现短暂的子宫炎症反应，据推测这种反应可以清除子宫内多余的精子、细菌和其他污染物。在母犬中也有类似的事件，包括子宫收缩增加、多形核中性粒细胞浸润和子宫动脉扩张。一些患有子宫内膜增生的健康母犬在交配后子宫腔中有更多的多形核中性粒细胞，并且生育能力降低；据称，这代表了假定的交配后子宫内膜炎。本研究在交配时使用 B 型和多普勒超声测量正常母犬和子宫内膜增生母犬的子宫收缩、射出液清除和子宫动脉速度。交配导致子宫收缩次数增加，但子宫内膜增生母犬的交配诱导收缩次数较少。有趣的是，子宫内膜增生母犬的子宫液在交配后清除速度明显慢于正常母犬（P = 0.01）。在进一步的研究中，多普勒超声显示，在正常母犬中，交配后子宫动脉血流速度显著增加（P = 0.04），阻力指数降低（P = 0.04），表明血管扩张。在子宫内膜增生母犬中，基础阻力指数明显高于正常母犬（P = 0.05），并且尽管交配后阻力指数显著降低，但在子宫内膜增生母犬中，这种降低的幅度小于正常母犬。这些发现表明子宫内膜增生母犬的基础子宫灌注较低，并且对交配的血管扩张反应迟钝。交配后短期给予全身抗生素可提高子宫内膜增生母犬的妊娠率（P < 0.01）。子宫内膜增生母犬的产仔数低于正常母犬，无论是在交配后抗生素治疗之前还是之后（分别为 P = 0.04 和 < 0.01）。子宫内膜增生母犬的交配后子宫内膜炎似乎通过降低对交配的子宫血管扩张反应以及由于子宫收缩减少导致子宫液清除延迟来影响生育能力，但通过交配后给予抗生素可以部分改善这种影响。
