Ishida Riichiro
Glob J Health Sci. 2012 Aug 9;4(5):120-4. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v4n5p120.
The human prefrontal lobe is more evolved than those of other mammals. As such, every person has an innate need to establish a meaningful life, often referred to as "Purpose in life (PIL)/ikigai", using the functioning of their prefrontal lobes. PIL/ikigai psychologically, and the prefrontal lobe physiologically, have common functions such as ambition, regulating emotion, and integrating psychological events. PIL/ikigai contributes to a decrease in anxiety influenced by a need for approval from others and stimulates pleasure and comfort, which may be related to the well-balanced secretion of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and ?-endorphin. Thus, a stutterer feels stress, i.e., anxiety, caused by perceived failure when engaging in conversations with others, which may be related to an imbalanced secretion of serotonin and dopamine. Therefore, previous work has suggested that PIL/ikigai may decrease anxiety in stutterers by decreasing the symptoms associated with stuttering.
人类的前额叶比其他哺乳动物的前额叶进化得更高级。因此，每个人都有一种内在需求，即利用前额叶的功能建立有意义的生活，通常被称为“生活目标（PIL）/生活意义（ikigai）”。从心理层面讲，PIL/ikigai与生理层面的前额叶具有共同的功能，如抱负、调节情绪和整合心理活动。PIL/ikigai有助于减少因需要他人认可而产生的焦虑，并激发愉悦和舒适感，这可能与血清素、多巴胺和β-内啡肽等神经递质的平衡分泌有关。因此，口吃者在与他人交谈时会因感知到的失败而感到压力，即焦虑，这可能与血清素和多巴胺分泌失衡有关。所以，先前的研究表明，PIL/ikigai可能通过减轻与口吃相关的症状来降低口吃者的焦虑。
