Biology Centre AS CR, v.v.i., Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, CZ 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Chemosphere. 2013 Jan;90(2):565-72. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.031. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
Microscopic soil fungi isolated from arable, grassland and forest soils have been suggested as producers of nitrous oxide (N(2)O). The aim of this work was to screen the capabilities for N(2)O production of microscopic fungi originating in the pasture soils of a cattle overwintering area with three levels of cattle impact intensity. In total, 36 fungal species from 11 genera were isolated during a 2-year study, and production of N(2)O under laboratory conditions was confirmed in 23 species (64%). Species belonging to the genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Monographella, Acremonium, Gibberella, Eurotium, and Pseudallescheria were found to be the most potent N(2)O-producers. Different N(2)O production patterns and wide variations in production rates, ranging from 1 to 150 μg N(2)O-Nd(-1), were observed, resulting in the transformation of 0.2-18.4% of the initial NO(2)(-)-N present in the cultivation medium. The data revealed distinct soil fungal communities in the different sections of the cattle overwintering area, and indicate a significant effect of cattle overwintering on the composition of soil fungal consortia. These observations confirm the importance of soil fungi in total N(2)O fluxes from grazed grassland ecosystems.
从耕地、草原和森林土壤中分离出的微小土壤真菌被认为是产生一氧化二氮（N2O）的生产者。本研究的目的是筛选来自牛越冬区草地的微小真菌产生 N2O 的能力，该牛越冬区的牛影响强度有三个水平。在为期两年的研究中，共从 11 个属中分离出 36 种真菌，在 23 种（64%）真菌中证实了实验室条件下 N2O 的产生。属于镰刀菌属、青霉属、单隔孢属、节菱孢属、镰刀菌属、帚霉属和拟青霉属的物种被发现是最有效的 N2O 生产者。观察到不同的 N2O 产生模式和产生率的广泛变化，范围从 1 到 150μg N2O-Nd（-1），导致培养介质中初始 NO2（-）-N 的 0.2-18.4%转化为 N2O。这些数据揭示了牛越冬区不同区域的土壤真菌群落存在明显差异，并表明牛越冬对土壤真菌菌群组成有显著影响。这些观察结果证实了土壤真菌在放牧草地生态系统总 N2O 通量中的重要性。
