The Kirby Institute (Formerly the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research), The University of New South Wales, CFI Building, Corner of Boundary & West Streets, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
AIDS Behav. 2013 May;17(4):1245-54. doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0309-8.
Since there is little evidence about gay community norms across the world, we reviewed published literature in this area and discuss implications for prevention and research. Eight databases were searched for articles and 16 were considered suitable for analysis. All used quantitative methodology and seven were based on a published theoretical framework. The most common theory employed by four out of the seven papers was the Theory of Reasoned Action. All papers reviewed examined norms on condom use but norms on other risk reduction practices were not explored in these papers. Seven (44 %) studies found those men who perceived strong social support from their peers, were less likely to engage in unprotected anal intercourse. This finding suggests that social support from partners and community members plays a role in shaping safe sex norms. Better understanding of norms may help to redress HIV behaviour change programmes, particularly at the time when HIV diagnoses rates are increasing in most gay communities across the world.
由于目前全球范围内针对男同性恋群体规范的相关证据较少，我们对该领域已发表的文献进行了回顾，并对其在预防和研究方面的应用进行了讨论。我们在八个数据库中搜索了相关文章，最终有 16 篇被认为适合进行分析。所有文章均采用了定量研究方法，其中 7 篇基于已发表的理论框架。在这 7 篇论文中，有 4 篇最常使用的理论是理性行为理论。所有被审查的论文都探讨了关于安全套使用的规范，但没有涉及其他减少风险的行为规范。7 项研究（44%）发现，那些从同伴那里获得强烈社会支持的男性，不太可能进行无保护的肛交。这一发现表明，来自伴侣和社区成员的社会支持在塑造安全性行为规范方面发挥了作用。更好地了解规范可能有助于纠正 HIV 行为改变计划，特别是在全球大多数男同性恋社区的 HIV 诊断率都在上升的时期。
