Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Adv Nutr. 2012 Sep 1;3(5):643-53. doi: 10.3945/an.112.002303.
Emerging evidence suggests that dietary rice bran may exert beneficial effects against several types of cancer, such as breast, lung, liver, and colorectal cancer. The chemopreventive potential has been related to the bioactive phytochemicals present in the bran portion of the rice such as ferulic acid, tricin, β-sitosterol, γ-oryzanol, tocotrienols/tocopherols, and phytic acid. Studies have shown that the anticancer effects of the rice bran-derived bioactive components are mediated through their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and alter cell cycle progression in malignant cells. Rice bran bioactive components protect against tissue damage through the scavenging of free radicals and the blocking of chronic inflammatory responses. Rice bran phytochemicals have also been shown to activate anticancer immune responses as well as affecting the colonic tumor microenvironment in favor of enhanced colorectal cancer chemoprevention. This is accomplished through the modulation of gut microflora communities and the regulation of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. In addition, the low cost of rice production and the accessibility of rice bran make it an appealing candidate for global dietary chemoprevention. Therefore, the establishment of dietary rice bran as a practical food-derived chemopreventive agent has the potential to have a significant impact on cancer prevention for the global population.
新出现的证据表明，食用米糠可能对多种类型的癌症（如乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌和结直肠癌）具有有益的作用。其化学预防潜力与米糠部分存在的生物活性植物化学成分有关，如阿魏酸、谷甾醇、γ-谷维素、生育三烯酚/生育酚和植酸。研究表明，米糠衍生的生物活性成分的抗癌作用是通过诱导细胞凋亡、抑制细胞增殖和改变恶性细胞的细胞周期进程来介导的。米糠生物活性成分通过清除自由基和阻断慢性炎症反应来保护组织免受损伤。米糠植物化学成分还被证明可以激活抗癌免疫反应，并影响结肠肿瘤微环境，有利于增强结直肠癌的化学预防作用。这是通过调节肠道微生物群落和调节致癌物代谢酶来实现的。此外，大米生产成本低，米糠容易获得，这使得它成为全球饮食化学预防的一个有吸引力的候选物。因此，将食用米糠确立为一种实用的食物衍生化学预防剂，有可能对全球人口的癌症预防产生重大影响。
