Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012 Oct;27(5):445-51. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X12001094. Epub 2012 Aug 21.
Estimating the number of ambulances needed in trauma-related Multiple Casualty Events (MCEs) is a challenging task.
HYPOTHESIS/PROBLEM: Emergency medical services (EMS) regions in the United States have varying "best practices" for the required number of ambulances in MCE, none of which is based on metric criteria. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of ambulances required to respond to the scene of trauma-related MCE in order to initiate treatment and complete the transport of critical (T1) and moderate (T2) patients. The proposed model takes into consideration the different transport times and capacities of receiving hospitals, the time interval from injury occurrence, the number of patients per ambulance, and the pre-designated time frame allowed from injury until the transfer care of T1 and T2 patients.
The main theoretical framework for this model was based on prehospital time intervals described in the literature and used by EMS systems to evaluate operational and patient care issues. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) triage categories (T1-T4) were used for simplicity.
The minimum number of ambulances required to respond to the scene of an MCE was modeled as being primarily dependent on the number of critical patients (T1) present at the scene any particular time. A robust quantitative model was also proposed to dynamically estimate the number of ambulances needed at any time during an MCE to treat, transport and transfer the care of T1 and T2 patients.
A new quantitative model for estimation of the number of ambulances needed during the prehospital response in trauma-related multiple casualty events has been proposed. Prospective studies of this model are needed to examine its validity and applicability.
在与创伤相关的多人伤亡事件（MCE）中估算所需救护车数量是一项具有挑战性的任务。
假设/问题：美国的紧急医疗服务（EMS）区域对于 MCE 中所需救护车数量有不同的“最佳实践”，但这些实践都没有基于度量标准。本研究的目的是估算需要多少辆救护车才能对与创伤相关的 MCE 现场做出反应，以启动治疗并完成对关键（T1）和中度（T2）患者的转运。该模型考虑了不同转运时间和接收医院的容量、从伤害发生到救护车到达现场的时间间隔、每辆救护车的患者人数以及从伤害发生到 T1 和 T2 患者转移护理允许的预定时间框架。
该模型的主要理论框架基于文献中描述的院前时间间隔，并被 EMS 系统用于评估运营和患者护理问题。北约（NATO）分类（T1-T4）用于简化目的。
对 MCE 现场做出反应所需的救护车数量最低模型主要取决于任何特定时间现场出现的危急患者（T1）的数量。还提出了一个稳健的定量模型，以动态估计在 MCE 期间的任何时间需要多少救护车来治疗、转运和转移 T1 和 T2 患者的护理。
提出了一种用于估算与创伤相关的多人伤亡事件中院前反应所需救护车数量的新定量模型。需要对该模型进行前瞻性研究，以检验其有效性和适用性。
