INSERM U707, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Am J Prev Med. 2012 Oct;43(4):440-50. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.026.
As their most critical limitation, neighborhood and health studies published to date have not taken into account nonresidential activity places where individuals travel in their daily lives. However, identifying low-mobility populations residing in low-resource environments, assessing cumulative environmental exposures over multiple activity places, and identifying specific activity locations for targeting interventions are important for health promotion. Daily mobility has not been given due consideration in part because of a lack of tools to collect locational information on activity spaces. Thus, the first aim of the current article is to describe VERITAS (Visualization and Evaluation of Route Itineraries, Travel Destinations, and Activity Spaces), an interactive web mapping application that can geolocate individuals' activity places, routes between locations, and relevant areas such as experienced or perceived neighborhoods. The second aim is to formalize the theoretic grounds of a contextual expology as a subdiscipline to better assess the spatiotemporal configuration of environmental exposures. Based on activity place data, various indicators of individual patterns of movement in space (spatial behavior) are described. Successive steps are outlined for elaborating variables of multiplace environmental exposure (collection of raw locational information, selection/exclusion of locational data, defining an exposure area for measurement, and calculation). Travel and activity place network areas are discussed as a relevant construct for environmental exposure assessment. Finally, a note of caution is provided that these measures require careful handling to avoid increasing the magnitude of confounding (selective daily mobility bias).
作为其最关键的局限性，迄今为止发表的社区和健康研究并未考虑到非居住活动场所，即个人在日常生活中旅行的地方。然而，确定居住在资源匮乏环境中的低流动性人群，评估多个活动场所的累积环境暴露，并确定特定的活动地点以进行干预，对于促进健康非常重要。由于缺乏收集活动空间位置信息的工具，日常流动性尚未得到充分考虑。因此，本文的首要目标是描述 VERITAS（路线行程、旅行目的地和活动空间的可视化和评估），这是一个交互式网络映射应用程序，可以对个人的活动地点、地点之间的路线以及相关区域（如经历或感知的社区）进行地理定位。第二个目标是将语境暴露学作为一个子学科的理论基础形式化，以更好地评估环境暴露的时空配置。基于活动地点数据，描述了个体空间移动模式（空间行为）的各种指标。概述了阐述多场所环境暴露变量的步骤（原始位置信息的收集、位置数据的选择/排除、暴露测量区域的定义和计算）。旅行和活动地点网络区域被讨论为环境暴露评估的一个相关结构。最后，需要注意的是，这些措施需要谨慎处理，以避免增加混杂的程度（选择性日常流动性偏差）。
