Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
Waste Manag Res. 2012 Sep;30(9 Suppl):88-99. doi: 10.1177/0734242X12453610.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills need to be managed after closure to assure long-term environmental compatibility. Aftercare can be completed when the authorities consider the landfill not likely to pose a threat to humans and the environment. In this work, a methodology for deriving site-specific aftercare completion criteria is presented and its application is illustrated via a case study. The evaluation method combines models addressing waste emission behavior, long-term barrier performance, and pollutant migration to assess the potential impact of landfill emissions on the environment. Based on the definition of acceptable impact levels at certain points of compliance, scenario- and pollutant-specific aftercare completion criteria are derived. The methodology was applied to a closed MSW landfill in Austria and potential aftercare durations were determined. While landfill gas emissions may become environmentally tolerable within decades at the site, leachate-related aftercare measures were expected to be necessary for centuries (primarily as a result of ammonium). Although the evaluation comes with large uncertainties, it allows for linking aftercare intensity and duration with respect to an environmentally compatible state of the landfill in the absence of aftercare. However, further case studies including regulatory review and acceptance are needed to use the methodology in a decision support tool on aftercare completion.
城市固体废物（MSW）填埋场在关闭后需要进行管理，以确保长期的环境兼容性。当当局认为垃圾填埋场不太可能对人类和环境构成威胁时，可以进行后期护理。在这项工作中，提出了一种用于推导特定于场地的后期护理完成标准的方法，并通过案例研究说明了其应用。该评估方法结合了处理废物排放行为、长期屏障性能和污染物迁移的模型，以评估垃圾填埋场排放对环境的潜在影响。基于在某些合规点定义可接受的影响水平，推导出了针对特定情况和污染物的后期护理完成标准。该方法应用于奥地利一个已关闭的 MSW 垃圾填埋场，确定了潜在的后期护理持续时间。虽然垃圾填埋场气体排放可能在几十年内达到环境可容忍水平，但预计与渗滤液相关的后期护理措施将需要几个世纪（主要是由于铵）。尽管评估存在很大的不确定性，但它允许在没有后期护理的情况下，将后期护理的强度和持续时间与垃圾填埋场的环境兼容状态联系起来。然而，需要进一步的案例研究，包括法规审查和接受，以便在后期护理完成的决策支持工具中使用该方法。
