Pellegrini M L, Argibay P, Gomez D E
Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires;
Exp Ther Med. 2010 Mar;1(2):241-250. doi: 10.3892/etm_00000038. Epub 2010 Mar 1.
Genetic influences, together with epigenetic components and dietary factors, play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of cancer by causing a number of deregulations. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease influenced by dietary factors, for which established genetic and epigenetic alterations have been identified. Within CRC, there are hereditary syndromes that present mutations in the germ-line hMLH1, and also alterations in the methylation of the promoters. Epigenetics has also been established as a pathway of carcinogenesis. In the present review, we analyzed studies conducted to discern the different pathways leading to established CRC, stressing the importance of identifying factors that may predict CRC at an early stage, since it is mostly a silent disease observed at the clinical level in advanced stages.
遗传影响，连同表观遗传成分和饮食因素，通过导致一些失调在癌症的发生和发展中起基本作用。结直肠癌（CRC）是一种受饮食因素影响的疾病，对此已确定了既定的遗传和表观遗传改变。在CRC中，存在遗传性综合征，其在种系hMLH1中存在突变，并且启动子的甲基化也有改变。表观遗传学也已被确立为致癌途径。在本综述中，我们分析了为辨别导致既定CRC的不同途径而进行的研究，强调识别可能在早期预测CRC的因素的重要性，因为它大多是在晚期临床阶段观察到的一种无症状疾病。
