Computational Physics, IfB, ETH-Honggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland.
Sci Rep. 2012;2:658. doi: 10.1038/srep00658. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
Examples of synchronization can be found in a wide range of phenomena such as neurons firing, lasers cascades, chemical reactions, and opinion formation. However, in many situations the formation of a coherent state is not pleasant and should be mitigated. For example, the onset of synchronization can be the root of epileptic seizures, traffic congestion in networks, and the collapse of constructions. Here we propose the use of contrarians to suppress undesired synchronization. We perform a comparative study of different strategies, either requiring local or total knowledge, and show that the most efficient one solely requires local information. Our results also reveal that, even when the distribution of neighboring interactions is narrow, significant improvement is observed when contrarians sit at the highly connected elements. The same qualitative results are obtained for artificially generated networks and two real ones, namely, the Routers of the Internet and a neuronal network.
在神经元放电、激光级联、化学反应和意见形成等广泛的现象中都可以找到同步的例子。然而，在许多情况下，相干态的形成并不令人愉快，应该加以缓解。例如，同步的开始可能是癫痫发作、网络拥塞和建筑物倒塌的根源。在这里，我们提出使用逆势者来抑制不需要的同步。我们对不同的策略进行了比较研究，这些策略要么需要局部知识，要么需要全局知识，并表明最有效的策略只需要局部信息。我们的结果还表明，即使相邻相互作用的分布很窄，当逆势者坐在高度连接的元素上时，也会观察到显著的改善。在人为生成的网络和两个真实网络，即互联网路由器和神经元网络中，也得到了相同的定性结果。
