Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2013 Jan;172:76-85. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.011. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
This report presents an exhaustive literature review on the toxicity of manufactured ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) to ecological receptors across different taxa: bacteria, algae and plants, aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and vertebrates. Ecotoxicity studies on ZnO NPs are most abundant in bacteria, and are relatively lacking in other species. These studies suggest relative high acute toxicity of ZnO NPs (in the low mg/l levels) to environmental species, although this toxicity is highly dependent on test species, physico-chemical properties of the material, and test methods. Particle dissolution to ionic zinc and particle-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent the primary modes of action for ZnO NP toxicity across all species tested, and photo-induced toxicity associated with its photocatalytic property may be another important mechanism of toxicity under environmentally relevant UV radiation. Finally, current knowledge gaps within this area are briefly discussed and recommendations for future research are made.
本报告对不同分类群（细菌、藻类和植物、水生和陆生无脊椎动物和脊椎动物）的生态受体的 ZnO 纳米粒子（NP）毒性进行了全面的文献综述。关于 ZnO NPs 的生态毒性研究在细菌中最为丰富，而在其他物种中相对较少。这些研究表明 ZnO NPs 具有相对较高的急性毒性（在低 mg/L 水平），对环境物种具有相对较高的急性毒性，尽管这种毒性高度依赖于测试物种、材料的物理化学性质和测试方法。颗粒向离子锌的溶解和颗粒诱导的活性氧（ROS）的产生是 ZnO NP 毒性在所有测试物种中的主要作用模式，而与光催化特性相关的光诱导毒性可能是在环境相关 UV 辐射下另一个重要的毒性机制。最后，简要讨论了该领域的当前知识差距，并为未来的研究提出了建议。
