Vagena Ioanna-Aglaia, Gatou Maria-Anna, Theocharous Giorgos, Pantelis Pavlos, Gazouli Maria, Pippa Natassa, Gorgoulis Vassilis G, Pavlatou Evangelia A, Lagopati Nefeli
Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece.
Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Feb 21;14(5):397. doi: 10.3390/nano14050397.
The wide array of structures and characteristics found in ZnO-based nanostructures offers them a versatile range of uses. Over the past decade, significant attention has been drawn to the possible applications of these materials in the biomedical field, owing to their distinctive electronic, optical, catalytic, and antimicrobial attributes, alongside their exceptional biocompatibility and surface chemistry. With environmental degradation and an aging population contributing to escalating healthcare needs and costs, particularly in developing nations, there's a growing demand for more effective and affordable biomedical devices with innovative functionalities. This review delves into particular essential facets of different synthetic approaches (chemical and green) that contribute to the production of effective multifunctional nano-ZnO particles for biomedical applications. Outlining the conjugation of ZnO nanoparticles highlights the enhancement of biomedical capacity while lowering toxicity. Additionally, recent progress in the study of ZnO-based nano-biomaterials tailored for biomedical purposes is explored, including biosensing, bioimaging, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, as well as vaccines and immunotherapy. The final section focuses on nano-ZnO particles' toxicity mechanism with special emphasis to their neurotoxic potential, as well as the primary toxicity pathways, providing an overall review of the up-to-date development and future perspectives of nano-ZnO particles in the biomedicine field.
基于氧化锌的纳米结构所具有的广泛结构和特性使其具有多种用途。在过去十年中，由于这些材料独特的电子、光学、催化和抗菌特性，以及它们出色的生物相容性和表面化学性质，其在生物医学领域的潜在应用受到了广泛关注。随着环境退化和人口老龄化导致医疗保健需求和成本不断上升，特别是在发展中国家，对具有创新功能的更有效且价格合理的生物医学设备的需求日益增长。本综述深入探讨了不同合成方法（化学合成和绿色合成）的特定关键方面，这些方面有助于生产用于生物医学应用的有效多功能纳米氧化锌颗粒。概述氧化锌纳米颗粒的共轭突出了生物医学能力的增强同时降低了毒性。此外，还探讨了针对生物医学目的定制的基于氧化锌的纳米生物材料的最新研究进展，包括生物传感、生物成像、组织再生、药物递送以及疫苗和免疫疗法。最后一部分重点关注纳米氧化锌颗粒的毒性机制，特别强调其神经毒性潜力以及主要毒性途径，全面综述了纳米氧化锌颗粒在生物医学领域的最新发展和未来前景。
