Sempsrott Justin, Schmidt Andrew, Hawkins Seth, Bledsoe Bryan
University of Nevada School of Medicine, USA. USA.
JEMS. 2012 Jul;37(7):60, 62, 64 passim.
The past 40-50 years of research and experience have given us improved knowledge of the pathophysiology and treatment of drowning injuries. Still, an all-too-common event, the morbidity and mortality of drowning can be mitigated by prevention, recognition and target treatment. Old terms, such as "near drowning" and "secondary drowning," are confusing and misleading, and use of these terms should be abandoned. Most importantly, EMS personnel should understand that drowning is a hypoxic event resulting from submersion in a liquid. Most BLS and ALS strategies are designed to treat cardiac causes of respiratory and cardiac arrests (with recent change to a CAB algorithm). Drowning, however, is initially a purely hypoxic event and should be treated as such with ventilation and oxygenation (with an ABC algorithm). EMS and the fire service, because of their presence in the community, are uniquely positioned to play a major role in drowning prevention and treatment.
过去40到50年的研究与经验，让我们对溺水损伤的病理生理学及治疗有了更深入的了解。尽管如此，溺水仍是一种极为常见的事件，通过预防、识别及针对性治疗，可降低溺水的发病率和死亡率。诸如“近乎溺水”和“继发性溺水”等旧术语既令人困惑又具误导性，应摒弃使用这些术语。最重要的是，急救医疗服务人员应明白，溺水是因浸入液体导致的缺氧事件。大多数基础生命支持（BLS）和高级生命支持（ALS）策略旨在治疗呼吸和心脏骤停的心脏病因（最近改为CAB算法）。然而，溺水最初是纯粹的缺氧事件，应采用通气和给氧（采用ABC算法）进行治疗。急救医疗服务部门和消防部门由于身处社区，在溺水预防和治疗中具有独特的重要作用。
