Huang X J, Song C X, Zhong C Q, Wang F S
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
Drug Discov Ther. 2012 Aug;6(4):169-77.
Irradiation from diverse sources is ubiquitous and closely associated with human activity. Radiation therapy (RT), an important component of the multiple radiation origins, contributes significantly to oncotherapy by killing tumor cells. On the other hand, RT can also cause some undesired normal tissue injuries that afflict numerous cancer patients. Although many promising radioprotective agents are emerging, few of them have entered the market successfully due to various limitations. At present, the most accepted hypothesis for the radiation-caused injury involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), the unique enzyme responsible for the dismutation of superoxide radicals, is expected to occupy an indispensable position in the treatment of ROS-mediated tissue injuries originating from exposure to radiation. This review focuses on the mechanism of radioprotection by SOD at the tissue or organ level, cellular level, and molecular level, respectively, in order to provide references for further investigation of radiation injury and development of new radioprotectors.
来自各种来源的辐射无处不在，且与人类活动密切相关。放射治疗（RT）是多种辐射源的重要组成部分，通过杀死肿瘤细胞对肿瘤治疗做出了重大贡献。另一方面，放射治疗也会导致一些不良的正常组织损伤，困扰着众多癌症患者。尽管有许多有前景的辐射防护剂不断涌现，但由于各种限制，很少有能成功进入市场。目前，关于辐射导致损伤最被认可的假说是活性氧（ROS）的产生。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）是唯一负责将超氧自由基歧化的酶，有望在治疗因辐射暴露引起的ROS介导的组织损伤中占据不可或缺的地位。本综述分别聚焦于超氧化物歧化酶在组织或器官水平、细胞水平和分子水平的辐射防护机制，以便为进一步研究辐射损伤和开发新的辐射防护剂提供参考。
