Bopp Melissa, Fallon Elizabeth A
Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, 266 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Health Promot Pract. 2013 Jan;14(1):122-31. doi: 10.1177/1524839912446478. Epub 2012 Sep 24.
Most of the U.S. population is affiliated with faith-based organizations (FBOs) and regularly attends services. Health and wellness activities (HWA) delivered through FBOs have great potential for reach, but the number of FBOs offering health programs and the characteristics of these programs are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to better understand rates, characteristics, and factors influencing faith-based HWA across the United States.
Faith leaders (N = 844) completed an online survey assessing faith leader demographics and health, FBO demographics (e.g., denomination, size, location, diversity), and details of HWA within their FBO.
Respondents were primarily White (93%), male (72%), middle-aged (53.2 ± 12.1 years), and affiliated with Methodist (42.5%) or Lutheran (20.2%) denominations. Although most faith leaders report meeting physical activity recommendations (56.5%), most were overweight/obese (77.4%), did not meet fruit and vegetable recommendations (65.9%), and had been diagnosed with 1.25 ± 1.36 chronic diseases. Respondents reported offering 4.8 ± 3 HWA within their FBO over the past 12 months. Most common HWA included clubs/teams related to physical activity (54.8%), individual-level health counseling (54%), and providing health/wellness pamphlets. Leaders cited a lack of lay leadership (48.1%) and financial resources for staff time (47.8%) as the most common barriers to HWA. An increase in interest/awareness in health topics from FBO members was the most common facilitator for HWA (66.5%).
Although faith-based HWA are prevalent nationally, types of HWA and the factors influencing HWA are dependent on FBO characteristics. Future faith-based interventions should consider existing capabilities and moderating factors for HWA.
大多数美国人口隶属于基于信仰的组织（FBOs），并定期参加宗教活动。通过FBOs开展的健康与保健活动（HWA）具有广泛传播的巨大潜力，但目前提供健康项目的FBOs数量及其项目特点尚不清楚。本研究的目的是更好地了解美国基于信仰的HWA的开展率、特点以及影响因素。
844名宗教领袖完成了一项在线调查，评估宗教领袖的人口统计学特征和健康状况、FBOs的人口统计学特征（如教派、规模、地点、多样性）以及其所在FBO内HWA的详细情况。
受访者主要为白人（93%）、男性（72%）、中年（53.2±12.1岁），隶属于卫理公会（42.5%）或路德宗（20.2%）教派。尽管大多数宗教领袖报告称达到了身体活动建议水平（56.5%），但大多数人超重/肥胖（77.4%），未达到水果和蔬菜摄入建议量（65.9%），且被诊断患有一种慢性病的比例为1.25±1.36种。受访者报告称，在过去12个月里，其所在FBO内开展了4.8±3项HWA。最常见的HWA包括与体育活动相关的俱乐部/团队（54.8%）、个人层面的健康咨询（54%）以及提供健康/保健宣传册。宗教领袖指出，缺乏非专业领袖（48.1%）和用于员工时间的财政资源（47.8%）是HWA最常见的障碍。FBO成员对健康话题的兴趣/意识增加是HWA最常见的促进因素（66.5%）。
尽管基于信仰的HWA在全国普遍存在，但HWA的类型和影响HWA的因素取决于FBO的特征。未来基于信仰的干预措施应考虑HWA的现有能力和调节因素。
