Center for Women's Reproductive Health and Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249-7333, USA.
Semin Perinatol. 2012 Oct;36(5):324-7. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2012.04.014.
To describe appropriate maternal and obstetrical indications for primary cesarean delivery. The list of potential indications is long. Among all maternal and obstetrical indications, labor dystocia is the most common; multifetal pregnancy and malpresentation are not infrequent. Maternal indications, including human immunodeficiency virus (with high viral load) and herpes simplex virus (with active lesions), are rare. Preeclampsia alone typically is not an appropriate indication for cesarean delivery. Although the need for a cesarean is absolute for some conditions, such as complete placenta previa or placenta accreta, minimum criteria for a cesarean are variable and subjective for many indications, including dystocia. The subjective diagnosis of labor dystocia provides the best opportunity to prevent the first cesarean.
描述初次剖宫产的适当产妇和产科指征。潜在的指征很多。在所有产妇和产科指征中，难产最为常见；多胎妊娠和胎位不正并不少见。包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（病毒载量高）和单纯疱疹病毒（有活动性损害）在内的母体指征很少见。单独的子痫前期通常不是剖宫产的适当指征。虽然对于某些情况（如完全性前置胎盘或胎盘粘连）需要行剖宫产，但对于许多指征（包括难产），行剖宫产的绝对需要是可变的和主观的。难产的主观诊断为预防首次剖宫产提供了最佳机会。
