Targeting IRF4 in autoimmune diseases.

As a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is expressed in most cell types of the immune system. Recent findings suggest that IRF4 is essential for the development and function of T helper (Th) cell, regulatory T (Treg) cell, B cell, as well as dendritic cell (DC). Since these cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), and type I diabetes, the roles of IRF4 in the initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases can not be neglected. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the pathological roles of IRF4 in autoimmunity and discuss the therapeutic significance of these new findings.