Ferrari D A
Department of Orthopedics, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655.
Am J Sports Med. 1990 Jan-Feb;18(1):20-4. doi: 10.1177/036354659001800103.
One hundred shoulders of 50 cadavers were dissected using the anterior approach. The normal appearance of the capsule, particularly the anterior superior, and the functions of the structures during passive motion were noted. There was a distinct capsular pattern with a Z formation which included the coracohumeral ligament and the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments. The middle and proximal capsular structures appeared to restrain external rotation. The coracohumeral ligament aided in restraint of external rotation at the lower range of abduction. The middle glenohumeral ligament was critical in restraining external rotation between 60 degrees and 90 degrees of abduction. It was readily identifiable except in a small percentage of individuals, who had a weak or absent ligament. The large capsular opening sometimes seen in shoulder repairs is due to an absent or attenuated middle glenohumeral ligament. Both the coracohumeral and middle glenohumeral ligaments were found to support the dependent arm.
采用前路解剖50具尸体的100个肩部。记录关节囊的正常外观，特别是前上方的外观，以及被动活动时各结构的功能。存在一种独特的呈Z形的关节囊模式，其中包括喙肱韧带以及肩胛下肌上、中、下韧带。关节囊中、近端结构似乎限制外旋。喙肱韧带在较低外展范围内辅助限制外旋。肩胛下肌中韧带在60度至90度外展之间限制外旋方面起关键作用。除一小部分韧带薄弱或缺失的个体外，该韧带很容易识别。肩部修复中有时可见的大的关节囊开口是由于肩胛下肌中韧带缺失或变薄。发现喙肱韧带和肩胛下肌中韧带均对垂臂起支撑作用。
