Department of Experimental Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via S.Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(4):765-78.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem causing significant morbidity and mortality. During the last decade, results from different studies indicate that the pathogenetic mechanisms of CRC encompass tumour microenvironment, emphasizing a tight correlation with aging, inflammation, nutrition, gut microbiome composition and epigenetic modifications. Aging is one of the most important risk factors for the development of a wide range of neoplasies, including CRC, as it represents the general framework in which the tumor environment evolves. Together, these elements likely contribute to the carcinogenic process with specific effects, impacts and roles in the different stages of the tumor progression. CRCs evolve through loops of deregulated inflammatory stimuli which are sustained by DNA damage signaling pathways, dysbiosis of gut microbiota (GM) and epigenetic re-modelling (DNA methylation). To date no studies address those elements simultaneously. The synergic analysis of such parameters could provide new biological insights and effective biomarkers that could have applications in prevention, molecular diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of CRC.
结直肠癌（CRC）是一个主要的健康问题，导致重大的发病率和死亡率。在过去的十年中，来自不同研究的结果表明，CRC 的发病机制包括肿瘤微环境，强调与衰老、炎症、营养、肠道微生物群组成和表观遗传修饰密切相关。衰老是多种肿瘤发生的最重要危险因素之一，包括 CRC，因为它代表了肿瘤环境演变的总体框架。这些因素可能共同导致致癌过程，在肿瘤进展的不同阶段具有特定的影响、影响和作用。CRC 通过失调的炎症刺激循环发展，这些刺激由 DNA 损伤信号通路、肠道微生物群（GM）的失调和表观遗传重塑（DNA 甲基化）维持。迄今为止，尚无研究同时涉及这些因素。对这些参数的协同分析可以提供新的生物学见解和有效的生物标志物，可应用于 CRC 的预防、分子诊断、预后和治疗。
