Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, Košice, Slovak Republic.
Vitam Horm. 2012;90:211-38. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-398313-8.00009-9.
Adiponectin can play an important role in regulating the female reproductive function and embryo development and can affect the embryo at very early stages of pregnancy--during the preimplantation period. Disturbances in the maternal adiponectin system are associated with several diseases, including diabetes type 2, obesity, and some female reproductive disorders. Adiponectin receptors are expressed in oocytes and preimplantation embryos and can be activated by adiponectin produced by maternal adipose tissue or organs of the female reproductive tract. Adiponectin can affect proliferation and survival of cells in preimplantation embryos, and these effects are isoform dependent. Experimental results suggest involvement of various protein kinases, including mitogen-activated protein kinases, in the regulation of these processes by adiponectin. Actions of adiponectin on lipid and glucose metabolism can increase the energy supply to the embryo, and final targets of adiponectin signaling are metabolic enzymes, glucose transporters, and fatty acid transporters. The involvement of several signaling molecules, such as AMPK/PRKA, PI3K, or AKT/PKB, in the regulation of metabolic processes by adiponectin has been demonstrated in preimplantation embryos. In summary, adiponectin produced in an endocrine/paracrine/autocrine manner can significantly influence preimplantation embryo development, uterine receptivity, and embryo implantation.
脂联素在调节女性生殖功能和胚胎发育方面发挥着重要作用，可影响妊娠极早期——即着床前胚胎的发育。母体脂联素系统紊乱与多种疾病相关，包括 2 型糖尿病、肥胖症和一些女性生殖障碍。脂联素受体在卵母细胞和着床前胚胎中表达，并能被来自母体脂肪组织或女性生殖道器官的脂联素激活。脂联素可影响着床前胚胎细胞的增殖和存活，其作用具有同工型依赖性。实验结果表明，脂联素通过多种蛋白激酶（包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶）来调节这些过程。脂联素对脂质和葡萄糖代谢的作用可增加胚胎的能量供应，而脂联素信号的最终靶标是代谢酶、葡萄糖转运体和脂肪酸转运体。AMPK/PRKA、PI3K 或 AKT/PKB 等多种信号分子参与了脂联素对代谢过程的调节，这在着床前胚胎中已有相关研究证实。综上所述，以内分泌/旁分泌/自分泌方式产生的脂联素可显著影响着床前胚胎的发育、子宫容受性和胚胎着床。
