Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Univ of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Braz Oral Res. 2012 Nov-Dec;26(6):543-9. doi: 10.1590/s1806-83242012005000024. Epub 2012 Sep 27.
Oral leukoplakias (OL) are potentially malignant lesions that are typically white in color. Smoking is considered a risk factor for developing OL, and dysplastic lesions are more prone to malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features observed in dysplastic and non-dysplastic OL in both smokers and non-smokers. A total of 315 cases of OL were retrieved and separated into either dysplastic or non-dysplastic lesions, and these cases were further categorized as originating in either smokers or non-smokers. Frequencies of the type of OL lesion, with respect to whether the patients smoked, were established. The results demonstrated that 131 cases of OL were dysplastic (74 smokers and 57 non-smokers), and 184 were non-dysplastic (96 smokers and 88 non-smokers). For OL cases in smokers for which information about alcohol consumption was also available (84 cases), the results revealed no significant difference in the amount of dysplastic and non-dysplastic lesions. Dysplastic lesions were more frequent in male smokers and in non-smoking females. The median age of smokers with cases of OL was significantly lower than in non-smokers; the lowest median ages were observed for female smokers with dysplastic OL. The most frequent anatomical sites of dysplastic lesions were the floor of the mouth in smokers and the tongue in non-smokers. Dysplastic lesions in smokers were significantly smaller than non-dysplastic lesions in non-smokers. Being a male smoker, being female, being younger, and having smaller lesions were associated with dysplastic features in OL. These clinical data may be important for predicting OL malignant transformation.
口腔白斑病（OL）是一种潜在的恶性病变，通常呈白色。吸烟被认为是导致 OL 发生的危险因素，而发育不良病变更倾向于恶性转化。本研究旨在描述吸烟者和非吸烟者中发育不良和非发育不良 OL 的临床特征。共检索到 315 例 OL 病例，分为发育不良或非发育不良病变，这些病例进一步分为吸烟者或非吸烟者。建立了 OL 病变类型与患者是否吸烟的频率关系。结果表明，131 例 OL 为发育不良（74 例吸烟者和 57 例非吸烟者），184 例为非发育不良（96 例吸烟者和 88 例非吸烟者）。对于 OL 病例中信息也可获得关于饮酒情况的 84 例吸烟者，结果显示发育不良和非发育不良病变的数量无显著差异。发育不良病变在男性吸烟者和非吸烟女性中更为常见。吸烟者 OL 病例的中位年龄明显低于非吸烟者；非吸烟者中，患有发育不良 OL 的女性的中位年龄最低。发育不良病变最常见的解剖部位是吸烟者的口底和非吸烟者的舌。吸烟者的发育不良病变明显小于非吸烟者的非发育不良病变。男性吸烟者、女性、年龄较小和病变较小与 OL 的发育不良特征相关。这些临床数据对于预测 OL 恶性转化可能很重要。
